Thursday, October 31, 2019

Asian Commercial Dominance Annotated Bibliography

Asian Commercial Dominance - Annotated Bibliography Example This is politically, socially and economically. Its dominance economically is represented by countries in this continent. Singapore, Indonesia, Japan, China, India and South Korea are some of the countries that contribute to its economic stability. It is the annual GDP from these countries that has enabled the continent to compete actively with Europe. Other countries like Mongolia, Pakistan, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand have also grown tremendously in the economic sector. All this coupled with the minerals in some of the Asian countries ensures that it expands economically. Minerals are found in abundance in Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia amongst others. This has enabled the economic exchange between this continent and many others (Levinson, p 34). The European continent has over the years held the helm in economic stability. It is ranked the highest in relation to current GDP. This position is threatened by the continued dominance of the Asian continent. Th e above mentioned countries have contributed in their own way to overall Asia’s economic dominance. China has grown steadily over the years to ensure that it is the second largest economic powerhouse in the world. It strongly competes with the nation of Japan. This is in relation to many manufacturing plants. Japan is a powerhouse for very many industrial companies all over the world. It is famous for worldwide brands that include Samsung, Toshiba, Sharp, Phillips, and LG amongst many others (Higham, p 45).

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

The Milestones and Major Developments in the Early Paleozoic Era Essay Example for Free

The Milestones and Major Developments in the Early Paleozoic Era Essay Understanding the diversity and complexity of life as observed in the current modern days may seem as difficult as defining life itself. The changes, developments, and evolution of the earth and the life forms it holds are all varied and sundry enough which makes it hard to understand without looking back to when, where, and how it all started. History, Geology, Paleontology, and many other branches of Science play a significant role in aiding people to better understand the roots and beginnings of the life seen today. These fields of studies help and serve like windows to the past which make it easier to know what it was like back when the Earth was young and life was primitive. These various disciplines draw attention to where life originated. Knowing the evolution of the earth and life forms can help make people understand what the modern life is made of. While some would see this study as a lame and monotonous venture, it can never be denied that knowledge about the origins of life and the world addresses very common issues like confusions as to how the modern human beings got their form and the very controversial issue as to where actually life came from. Debates and ideological arguments will always be inevitable, but Science got the only factual proofs and pieces of evidence about where life actually started and how it came to its present form from the simplest and most primitive elements. All these can only be understood by studying and looking back at the beginning. Thus, this paper shall discuss one of the most important and most highlighted eras in the history of life and the Earth—the Early Paleozoic Era. The Paleozoic Era The term â€Å"Paleozoic Era† literally equates to the term â€Å"time of ancient life† (Farabee). This is the bracket of time between 544 and 245 million years in the past. The Online Biology Book written by Michael Farabee and sponsored by Estrella Mountain Community College summarizes the major highlights of the Paleozoic Era. A section of the book explains meticulously about this prehistoric period. The Paleozoic era is from the general period when life forms began to spring known as the Phanerozoic Eon. This period has been known to exist about 542 million years ago (Farabee). Phanerozoic Eon consists of three specific eras such as: 1) Paleozoic Era—also known as the â€Å"ancient life† which existed 542 to 251 million years ago; 2) Mesozoic Era—also regarded as the â€Å"middle life† which existed 251 to 65. 5 million years ago; and 3) Cenozoic Era—dubbed as the â€Å"recent life,† which has existed since 65. 5 million years ago up to the present time (Gore 1). The Paleozoic Era appears to be the first period from the Phanerozoic Eon when the earliest complex life forms first existed. The Early Paleozoic specifically can be further divided into three periods such as the 1. ) Cambrian, 2. ) Ordovician, and the 3. ) Sulirian periods. It was during the earlier parts of the Paleozoic era when major advances in biological evolution were dated. The first of such developments and evolutions was that of the Cambrian Explosion. After this highlight came the developments of some group of green algae from the Ordovician period. This development in the early forms of primitive plants led to the evolutions of vertebrates since most plants during that time were found to move from water to land (Farabee). The Cambrian Explosion (544-505 million years ago) The Cambrian explosion during the earliest years of the Paleozoic era has been considered as the most interesting zoological myth there is about the origin of life (Dawkins and Wong 436). This is because this was the period when the earliest known animal and plant life sprang and had left very remarkable pieces of fossils which served as their memoirs for the modern scientists of today. It was during the Cambrian period when primitive life such as Coelenterates, protozoa, poriferans, molluscans, worms, echinoderms, trilobites, tribitmorphs, achaocyathids, and brachiopods were found to rule the animal kingdom (Balisteri et al. ). However, these primitive life forms were seen only in bodies of water. The Early Cambrian period was also tagged as a â€Å"wild time† for animal evolution (Farabee). This was because within the relatively short period of time, a wide variety of body plans among animals have already developed. One of the most prevailing groups of primitive animals during that time was the trilobites. These shallow-marine dwelling organisms lived during the Cambrian period, and through the rest of the period, this group has diversified into other more complex forms of organisms (Balisteri et al. ). However, due to the massive cooling and freezing on most of the Earth’s land during this time, extinction was found very distinct in this period. As to primitive plant life during the Cambrian period, algae was found to be the major group of plant life that existed in this period. These plants were known to have secreted lime-like substances which aid in the development and formation of rocks (Balisteri et al. ). Also, plants were found to have inhabited the lands first before the animals did during the Cambrian period. It was also during this period when the world’s primitive supercontinent, Pangaea, was believed to start breaking apart (Balisteri et al. ). During the Cambrian period, the large continent of the North America moved upward the globe through the equator. Gondwana, which is the largest remaining land mass of Pangaea during that time, divided into what we know today as India, Australia, Antarctica, and South America. The Ordovician Period (505-440 million years ago) The Ordovician period was characterized by the emergence of the world’s earliest volcanoes. This caused the formation of igneous rocks from the produced ash and lava from eruptions (Balisteri et al. ). This period was also marked by the continental submergence. The most highlighted part of this event was the Late Ordovician Flood which caused continents to contract and moved closer to each other. The most popular remain of this great flood as of today is the Atlantic Ocean (Balisteri et al. ). It was also noted that sea levels were generally high during the Ordovician period. However, there were still shallow waters that have been dated and found to have depositions of shallow water carbonated rocks. These were eventually traced through the presence of mudcracks and stromatolites nowadays (Gore 6). When it comes to life form evolution, diversification will best describe the action by the survivor organisms among the many life forms that became extinct from the Cambrian period (Farabee). During this period, the earliest forms of sea vertebrates, such worm-like creatures, evolved (Christian and McNeill 123). These are the creatures were found to be the ancestors of the sharks and common fishes today. These Ordovician marine vertebrates were complete with backbone, limbs, and a nervous system which formed mainly the head. Also, the remaining species that the Cambrian period left like the brachiopods, trilobites and mollusks were reported to undergo a Jurassic evolution. Thus, the first Ordovician marine vertebrates were reported to be armored, jawless, and covered with hard shells (Balisteri et al. ). On the other hand, the development of plants from the earlier group of green algae was also a milestone during this period. Scientific studies of fossils and biochemical proofs show that modern plant species rooted from the multicellular green algae that prospered during the Ordovician period (Cartage. org). Among these green algal groups, Charophytes were found to be most dominant at that time. These algae with the rest of the other algal groups were known to reside within the cool waters of the ocean, but between 500-400 million years ago, some algal groups were found to transfer to land through various levels of adaptations and evolutions which aided them to live outside the waters (Farabee). The Sulirian Period (440-410 million years ago) This period was characterized by the evolution of scorpion-like creatures as large as modern human beings (Christian and McNeil 123). These creatures were known as Euyperiods which were known to root from the extinct family of marine arthropods (Balisteri et al. ). These creatures were averagely 3 meters long and these were known to reside in the seas. Moreover, various other creatures that were abundant in the Cambrian and Ordovician periods have decreased in number during the Silurian period. Some of these animals were the Trilobites. However, the Silurian period was also distinct for the abundance of coral reefs, cephalopods, and jawed fishes that colored up and made the waters alive during this period. The said reefs have covered what people now know as the sea floors of Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, New York, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie (Balisteri et al.). This period was found to be dominated by the early vascular plants—which developed tiny tubes within their structures to support the transport of nutrients—as well as varieties of insects (Paull). However, both these plants and animals went through specific challenges which threatened their early extinction during that time. These challenges were that of 1) Drying out—plants and animals would have to take sometime to adapt to a new environment like when they transfer from water to land; 2) Gas exchange—respiration also takes sometime to adapt to the change in environment these creatures had to go through; 3. ) Weight support; 4. ) Conduction; and 5. ) Reproduction—the change in environment also has great effects on the reproduction process of organisms. More often than not, the change of environment tends to slow down their reproduction ability (Farabee). In addition, the Caledonian Mountain which is currently found in Canada was found to have started to form through the collision of European and North American plates (Paull). These were the major highlights and developments during the Early Paleozoic era of life and world history. This field of study may appear too complicated and boring for most people to study. However, by going through the facts and amazing discoveries of the life forms of the past and discovering how they come to produce what life is like today, it may seem that studying where the modern life rooted from is indeed an interesting and adventurous ride through both history and science. Works Cited Balisteri, Alex, Ulrike Balisteri, Bernd Bickel, Ron Schumacher, Beate Steger, and Sarah Young. â€Å"History of the Earth.† Think Quest. 1998. 04 December 2008 http://library. thinkquest. org/20886/. Christian, David and William H. McNeil. Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History. California: University of California Press, 2004. Dawkins, Richard and Yan Wong. The Ancestor’s Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution. New York: Houghton Mifflin Books, 2004. Farabee, Michael J. â€Å"The Early Paleozoic. † On-Line Biology Book. 07 October 2002. Estrella Mountain Community College. 04 December 2008 http://www. cartage. org. lb/en/themes/sciences/Paleontology/Paleozoology/EarlyPaleozoic/EarlyPaleozoic. htm. Gore, Pamela J. W. â€Å"Early Paleozoic Events. † The Earth Through Time. 10 November 2005. Georgia Perimeter College. 04 December 2008 http://higheredbcs. wiley. com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/chaps/chapter10-01. html. Paull, Gene J. â€Å"Early Paleozoic. † University of Texas at Brownsville. 20 August 2008. 04 December 2008. http://blue. utb. edu/paullgj/geol1404/lectures/early_paleozoic. html.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Nation As A Myth Is India A Myth History Essay

Nation As A Myth Is India A Myth History Essay The dictionary definition of Nation is: A group of people who share the same culture, ethnicity and language, often possessing or seeking its own independent government. When one looks at this definition and then re-thinks about it for the Indian prospective, The first thing that come to the mind is either there is something remarkably wrong with the definition, as India has is a combination of a plethora of cultures, ethnicities and languages or hence is a complete misfit for being termed as a Nation or there is something wrong in the way with the way the world understand what a Nation is. Basically the whole concept of nation is an imaginary concept. Its never possible that people will be influenced by the same likes of culture or ethnicity. A human mind tends to deviate from what normal around it to explore new things, when a group of people live together by the will or by virtue its called a society. Each member of the society is unique, He might not be there purely because of his will to be there, But might be compelled to be there because of various factors. This might be financial, Social, And Family or lack of other options. We cannot interpret that the individuals staying in the society are part of the culture or adhere to the same ethnicity. The chances of them being there by choice is as good as for them being there by choice. Now taking the concept of a society to a broader target, it gives us a few foundation pillars towards the concept of a Nation. Although people might be a part of it, but its not necessary they want to be there. They mostly are there, because either the decision to be there was taken on their behalf by their Elders (in case of a partition or plebiscite), by their Leaders (Again a leader is not one which represents everyone but a majority) or they belonged to the land from birth. The concept of Nations is elaborated as expressed more much more complex than it was ever thought to be. As put in new literature by many writers, Nations is an imaginary concept and hence should be distinguished in the way they are imagined. The fact is, the concept of a nation is more of an idea; its an idea of people from a common culture and values, their desire and will towards freedom. We had been reading from the text books for ages that Unity in Diversity is what India stands for as a nation. But the whole idea of India as a nation is been criticized much because of its failure to become a single unified Nation state in the likes of Germany (after the East Germany and West Germany) and Japan. One can also claim that India has done much better in terms of keeping the minor states together, unlike the rest of Europeor the far gone USSR which are now divided into various small states. The Indian nation reflects the counter of the Europe small countries that were homogeneous when considered in terms of population and culture, England, Germany and France to name a few. Even Islamic nations like Iran, Iraq or Saudi Arabia were let down when it came to a concept of Nations and ended up in military dictatorship or medieva l style monarchies. India as a Nation: The nation state idea never worked for India, because of it size and diversity. For others like Europe, they had to work hard to suppress their divisions and prejudice the idea of nationhood. India also fails to stand as a nation unlike other Nations is because India set out for a democratic model, whereas the other nations were on imperialistic rule and not an integrated culture encompassing the subcontinent. Diversity in India adds to the failure of idea of the Indian Nation: India with it diversity has failed as a nation right from the formation of India as an independent country. Firstly the formation of the Islamic nation of Pakistan, Then the Issue of Kashmir, The North-East, The khalistan Movement, The recent show downs from Telangana, Gorkhanland etc. India had been suffering at the hands of the minor states, and in order to maintain a nationwide feel, has been dealing with them by avoiding the issue till the very last stage when any further push will result in a crack in the complete National structure and then bending down to the demands. Not to mention after a heavy disrupt and unnecessary bloodshed. The idea of the Nation of India chronologically speaking has never been a single State. History has its records that all those who tried to keep India as unified states failed in their endeavours weather it may be the King Ashoka or Alexander. What these great rulers identified in this land was that the diversity of its origin and existence is not only trivial to capture but to keep united in public interest is a herculean task. Yet, India emerged as a golden bird in the early 16th Century and attracted a lot of unwanted attention from other Nations. The British came to India for trade and sighted an opportunity to take charge as the nation was spread in forms of small princely states rather than as a Nation. It took our leader decades in the struggle for freedom, And the first thing that was set to harbinger the lack of National interests post independence was the partition of Pakistan and the formation of East and West Pakistan. The Indian political leaders had sleepless nights try ing to put a map in place for the unified princely states in India. Pivotal role of Indias Freedom: When the labour party in England won the elections, their chief agenda of decision of discontinuation of the British Empire in India, Different communities in India started demanding of India as a free state or as a State of States. It was for the United National Congress will that they 562 princely states became a part of India. But not all the states were happy for this, As a result of this political decision, there were riots between Hindus and Sikhs and Hindus and Muslims. The demand for Hindu State from the Hindu Mahasabha, The demand for Sikh State in Punjab, The Dravidians in South India, The Tamil State and the issue with Hyderabad and Kashmir who cited independence. All the demands for separate states were demands from the political parties as they saw an opportunity to have the power of the land and also to gain maximum benefits for themselves and their followers from the same. The formation of Pakistan, Added fuel to the already heated demands for separate States, and the feeling of discontent with India as a Nation started to fade even before it was established. India then was ruled by Indian National Congress and Pakistan was governed by The Muslim League. Whereas the other stated were pleased by giving them individual power in their own regions. A total of 25 states were created post independence to feed the political hunger of those regions. This set out the lifeless frame of the Indian Nation which was more of a compromise of State wise governing rather than a nationwide government. The other discontent states in the likes of Telengana, Gorkhaland, Kashmir and others were still left unanswered. And since then the issues have been kept avoiding till the time when avoidance resulted in further blows to the so called nationalism in the country. India has never been in a nationalistic phase, the fragmentation in India occurs due to the political will. Where a particular political party keeps fragmentation or demand for a separate ruling state as an agenda to come to power. And its not related to some minority areas which have a low impact on India, But India faces the pull from all directions and every corner with a demand for a separate state. In 2002 the then in power political party had to make way for three more states in order to fulfil the political appetite of the political parities of the concerned regions. But the government always fails to find a solution to the problem; In 2002 the government took the steps to avoid any more drama on the topic but indirectly ignited the sentiments of the political parties from other regions who have been fighting for a separate state. The Gorkhas with their issue for Gorkhaland, The Telangana issue which has been hot for a long time now, the demand for Bundelkhand, The demand for Saurashtra etc. Were reignited and the political parties got afresh agenda to create havoc. History and Social Issues of India as a Nation: This political view is not just challenged on the basis of Region, But also on the basis of Religion, Caste, Race and Language. With the political drama in Maharastra for the Marathi Manus has been a nuisance. Which is nothing more than a agenda to capture vote bank in the political parties there. The essence being, the parties capitalize of the fact that the people there have a lack of view of nationality and have a clearer picture and identification in their own culture and language. And believe that they first are Marathis, (or Tamils or Gorkhas for that sake) then Indians. Apart from the political views clash on basis on Regionalism and Language, issues which shake the will of India as a nation have been as pity as Interstate disputed over Water and Territorial boundaries, Caste Related violence, Naxalism are a few to name. Partition of Pakistan: Taking the case of The Myth of India as a nation has been punctured right from the formation of India post independence, ending up with two different countries, India and Pakistan (East and West). Till date it remains to be a major issue and the scars of which continue to haunt us in the form of the battle for Kashmir which started in 1947 and continues till date with no solution in site. Both the involved parties believe its a part of their territory because they believe that its more closer to their culture and hence should be a part of their territory. But what they fail to see is that the case of plebiscite never came to discussion. India and Pakistan both have been having a hard nut with their own internal issues, Pakistan with the disputes and killing between the Shia and Sunni tries in the name of superior race, On the other hand India with the issues like Marathis and Biharis, Hindus and Muslims , Hindus and Sikhs etc. Both are not able to handle either existing states and wi sh to take another disputed state to their bag. The idea for India and Pakistan was not from the people of the respective groups but were driven by the political leaders of the groups. These leaders made the people belief that the only way of growth and progress of their community is via a separate nation only. A decision which they all repented later in life. At the time of partition when Indians started the quest for India to have and nationality was more than a requirement, and ended up being a matter of pride. This was the time when the Hindus and Muslims started having a desire for a nation. The sense of nationality could have existed without the desire for having a separate nation. North East: The North Eastern states face a similar issue when it comes to the sense of Nationality. They are a part of India, But how often have there been uprising from the North East fronts in demand for a separate land, The ULFA in Assam, The Gorkhas in the regions around Darjelling etc. The reasons why these states have always been a trouble for the centre is because of the lack of importance that the North Western Indian front is given over the decades. The political parties in order to control the vote bank gave citizenship to immigrants from Bangladesh, Which further boiled the anger of the region. These regions have never thought of India as a country but as a power at Centre which is to be followed. Hence to the North East the concept of nation comes from chance and not by choice. The mudslinging continues as the nation says that these states dont tend to treat them as part of India and the states believe that they are treated as foreigners in India, So why not be a separate nation. Rest of India they dont believe in North Eastern as Indians: They are often referred as Chini or Chinkis and are treated as foreigners. The Nagas in Nagaland believe they are a separate nation and consider rest of Indias as foreigners and always believed they were included in India against their will. Arunachal Pradesh has been confused which country they do belong to India or China. And as both the countries have been fighting on this front, Arunachal Pradesh believe they need a solution to their long standing problem now. This is just as big as the Kashmir issue but is never addressed. Khalistan Movement: The Sikhs wanted a land of their own right from the India freedom struggle. These unmet demands were outburst in the form of the state of Punjab during the Khalistan movement. The demand for a separate state by Bhindranwala, the ironic leader who demanded a separate land for Sikhs lead to further shows of why the concept of Indian nation is a political will rather than a cross culture believe. Telangana: Again when the case of Telangana was addressed, the issue that the political leaders brought up to the surface was the suffering and they believe they had nothing to lose in the battle. But a battle? With their own country, their own motherland, well this is because of the fact that for them the mother land in Telangana and not India. The leaders and the followers believe that since their issues are not addressed by the Indian government, its better to be on their own. The factor that the political parties capitalise to come to power is that they assure the formation of a new state in case they come to power. They capitalise on the vote bank, and then to gain more direct power and control follow their promises to ask for a separate state. This is negotiated till the time the elasticity permits. With the regionalism of politics, race and language, there are other sectors also that get affected. The long standing delusion of patriotism is now being replaced by the new found jingoism. This is not only evident from the uproars of the states but can easily be read even from the number of TV channels for specific states. Various Incidences in recent times: Attacks as the one triggered by MNS and Shiv Sena on the North Indian candidates for the All India Railway recruitment board entrance in West region in Mumbai shows how much politics goes into everything. The plot was to dent the feeling of India as a nation to Marathis, and to reinforce the power of Marathis in the state of Maharastra over the feeling on India as a nation. The anti Tamil riots in Karnataka in 1991, the attacks which mainly took place in Bangalore and Mysore was to show the disrespect against the orders of the Cauvery Water Tribunal appointed by the Government of India. Again a matter where Region over Nation. The various other cited examples include The attack on North Indians in Maharastra and the referring on Biharis as outsiders in Delhi by the Chief Minister of Delhi are clear depictions that the integrity is more towards regions rather than nations. So what is the point then of being in the essence of a nation? The answer is simple, To keep a central authority. Which also comes from a combined political view, But as we have seen from time to time, This tends to dilute and the comfort of regionalism overpowers the feel of nationalism. The being of India as a nation is more of a will from the political fronts, where the views of nationalism are intact only till the point when it does not clashes with any other major interest. The interest may be related to religion, region, caste or other social issues. As soon as a political agenda is created out of the same, the skeleton of India is ruptured. These ruptures not only make a mark at the time of the impact but also leave significant scars which are exploited time and time again based on the political requirements of the regional or nationalist parties The Failure of the State: The idea of India as a nation is clashes with the regional identity, Any political demand for statehood, or sub-statehood, when demonstrates identifiable support from masses clearly state the lack of Indian nationalism. The emergence of the various ethnic nations in India e.g. Bengali, Sikh, Gujarati, Manipuri, or Tamil have taken shape and protect their ideology with stronger support for their regions rather than the nation. The support is derived from the followers who put their region first to their Nation. And for them being a part of India is just a mere way of recognition till the point they get a identity of their own. The regional and sub regional accommodation of identity in India have served to weaken the bases of political secessionism and secessionism and separatism while not defeating the principle of internal self determination of nation. The concept of India as nation was never there in the essence of purity; It lacked the vigour and desire, and came into being as a way out of the then impossible structure of princely states structure. But, the political figures try to hold it together, and time and again, are faced by the protest when people decide that their individual or community interest is superior to that of the nation. This individualistic feeling of superiority than the nation has always been into India, right from when the states were asked to join in the Union of India. The existence of India as a nation in itself a myth, If given a chance, there will be a handful who will not be willing to have a state or sub state like the Europe or former USSR. Europe failed through history in uniting as a subcontinent, though some attempts in this direction were made (for example, Napoleon).   The only country of comparable size that has better succeeded than India through history in maintaining its unity as a country is China. But even China never had so much diversity as India. But still India is better off from the modern Europe with their nationalistic phase, when every Indian state will start functioning as different countries or starts regarding them as different nations all together. The foreign ruler ship prevented this from happening. Hopefully Indian political will would keep the Indian national interest at priority for a more stable time to come and help India avoid the European nationalistic phase.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Essay on the Deleterious Effects of Pride and Prejudice :: Pride and Prejudice

The Deleterious Effects of Pride and Prejudice   Ã‚   Jane Austen's novel, Pride and Prejudice, illustrates that behavior is innate and, for good or bad, can be influenced by society. Austen further demonstrates that behavior is alterable by focusing on two aspects of behavior; prejudice and pride. The deleterious effects of prejudice and pride and the possibility of reformation are exemplified in a story that focuses on the ideals, ceremonies, and customs of marriage.    Austen's attempts to demonstrate conclusively that the essence of behavior is intrinsic to one's disposition, character, and temperament. She is successful in establishing this by portraying innate qualities in both Elizabeth and Darcy. Elizabeth has a natural sagacity; she is able to examine situations, affairs, and relationships intuitively and with remarkable perspicaciousness. For example, in Chapter four when Elizabeth expresses her discontent with the manners and the seeming character of the Bingley's sisters, Jane defends them but," Elizabeth listened in silence, but was not convinced; their behaviour at the assembly had not been calculated to please in general; and with more quickness of observation and less pliancy of temper than her sister, and with judgment too unassailed by any attention to herself, she was very little disposed to approve them," (Austen 12). Ultimately Elizabeth's suspicions are confirmed when the two Bingley sisters betray Jane's kindness and attempt to unjustly dissuade their brother's affection. Elizabeth's discerning judgement is a product of her congenital sapience.    Austen also highlights in Darcy the fact that behavior is intrinsically determined. Darcy's admirable generosity marks the positive aspect of his nature and is exemplified in several instances throughout the novel. Through a series of events, the reader learns that Darcy voluntarily provided sufficiently for Wickham, contrary to Wickham's slanderous claim. Darcy's generosity and genuine concern for others is again confirmed by his unsolicited aid in disentangling the imprudent affairs of Wickham and Lydia. Austen also indirectly asserts that behavior is subject to outside influence and that any constituent of behavior can be cultivated. For example, Elizabeth realizes Darcy's pride after hearing him respond to Bingley that, "she is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me,"(Austen 9). Elizabeth's prejudice is cultivated by her mother who states that,"...he is a most disagreeable, horrid man, not at all worth pleasing. So high and conceited that there was no enduring him!"(Austen 10). Returning to the situation surrounding Wickham, one sees that Elizabeth's prejudice against Darcy is again fueled by the defamatory remarks Wickham makes towards him.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Democrat vs. Republican

Democrat vs. Republican The Democratic and Republican parties remain important organizing structures for politics in the United States. Both Democratic and Republican also write party platforms, setting out the party’s goals and policy positions. A party’s platform is not binding on its nominees, platform planks are largely symbolic, and the often provide heated arguments and provide distinct differences between the parties to present to voters.The Democratic platform is that if America is to secure prosperity, progress, peace, and security for all we cannot afford to go back, we must move forward together and we must not leave anyone behind. The Republican Platform is uplifting and visionary. The Democratic Party traces its origins back to Thomas Jefferson’s Democratic- Republican Party, acquiring its current name under Andrew Jackson in 1828. It also pressed the state to choose presidential electors by popular vote rather than by state legislatures.The Republic an Party traces its origins to the anti-slavery and national forces that united in the 1850s and nominated Abraham Lincoln for president in 1860. The Difference between the Republican Party and Democratic Party is like the sun and moon. (It comes up and it goes down). According to the text book, â€Å"The Republican Party believes the federal government should be small and ruled by the wealthy elite† (p. 476 – 504), and secondly according to the website on who do you believe, â€Å"the republican party believe that that your property is yours and you have the basic right to make use of it without unreasonable government restrictions†.While on the other hand, â€Å"the Democratic Party believes the federal government should be big and ruled by elected representatives† (p. 494). The type of government they desire is the type our constitution gives us, a Republic, and the methods they are using to achieve their goals are conservative, and secondly the Democr atic Party believe that the government has the right to regulate the use of private property in accordance with narrow special interests without giving just compensation to owners. The two platforms are also starkly different on the abortion issue.The Republican Platform states that â€Å"the unborn child has a fundamental individual right to life which cannot be infringed. † And for the Democratic Party platforms states that â€Å"a woman's right to choose to abort the child†. The similarities between Democratic and Republican party, I believe that both parties has been representing the interest of liberals and that is a shame because liberals ideals promote freedom, human rights, worker's rights, a clean environment, and greater economic opportunities for all Americans. And both parties are led by people who vote for their own raises.Even some of their idea sometimes may seem wrong, but they do what is best for their people. Sources Difference between Democratic and Republican. Who do you believe? Access on September 9, 2010. Lowi Theodore J. , Ginsberg Benjamin, and Shepsle Kenneth A. American Government: Power and Purpose. 10th ed. W. W. Norton and Company New York, 2008. Lowi Theodore J. , Ginsberg Benjamin, and Shepsle Kenneth A. American Government: Power and Purpose. 10th ed. W. W. Norton and Company Inc. New York, 2008. Page 476-504

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Coca Cola’s Marketing Essays

Coca Cola’s Marketing Essays Coca Cola’s Marketing Essay Coca Cola’s Marketing Essay Coca Cola’s Marketing Name: Institution: Coca Cola’s Marketing Executive Summary Because of the competitive nature of the current business world, marketing is an essential function in all corporations. Marketing determines the success of a company within the market since it is the only way of communicating to the consumers. It enables companies to safeguard their market share as well as expand it. Coca Cola is considered among the top entities globally and sells in almost all countries. To maintain its current market share as well as expand it, Coca Cola has to engage in constant marketing. Coca Cola wishes to expand its market while maintaining quality in its products. This requires the company to engage in portfolio expansion to capture increased markets. Some of the key areas Coca Cola is entering are hot beverage market for cold seasons when chilled drinks are not ideal. This ensures its earnings are constant, if not higher, throughout the year. Coca Cola uses its brand name that means ‘delicious happiness’, and quality products to maintain its position as the leading beverage and soft drink producer. It is recognized by its distinctive red color. Marketing seeks to leave a lasting image or impression. Although it faces many competitors, its main competitor is Pepsi. Coca Cola undertakes massive promotion through different channels that include television, internet, billboards, radio, road shows, sponsoring sports events and re-branding. Among these, television takes up the biggest cost. Throughout the year, it engages in different kinds of promotions depending on the season. During winter, it promotes beverages while it promotes soft drinks more during the summer. Expansion to Myanmar would be ideal considering American countries have not been in this market (Rosenberg, 2012). The rationale for expanding to Myanmar market is to remain as the leading and most recognized brand worldwide. Coca Cola is known in almost all countries except where there are sanctions. In Myanmar, such a sanction existed until recently when the country became politically stable. Therefore, expanding to Myanmar would enhance Coca Cola as the leading brand. Venturing into this market would give the company an early lead to other foreign competitors. Myanmar is mostly hot and wet just like most of the Asian countries. This makes it ideal for soft drinks. However, this will require proper planning. One key difference in the customer profile of Myanmar is that customers are supply driven, meaning they are ready to buy new goods that were not available when it had been closed. On the other hand, its key similarity to other markets is that customers are interested in innovations more than they are interested in price. One media platform that I would recommend for this market is newspaper advertisements since there are three government papers supplied free. To start production in Myanmar, Coca Cola will have to put up a bottling plant since there are extremely few companies that can offer bottling services in this country. Moving Coca Cola to Myanmar Moving Coca Cola to Myanmar requires proper planning and the right strategy depending on the market (Rosenberg, 2012). The first step requires identifying the channel of distribution and production or bottling. In most of the countries, Coca Cola uses local production in order to minimize the cost of exporting (coca-colafemsa.com, 2013). Coca Cola can put up its own bottling plant in Myanmar in order to start production. This will ensure supply of the product within the country all the time. Additionally, the entity has to identify the best product for the country. This will depend on the weather. Considering that Myanmar is mostly warm and sometimes extremely hot, especially between March and May when temperatures reach 400C, soft drinks are ideal (lonelyplanet.com, 2013). This should be followed by defining the best channel of promotion and advertising. Considering that competitors exist, it would be wise to use a mix of promotion. This can include road shows, television advertisements, internet, newspapers and billboards. However, considering a majority of people cannot access internet; it would not be a useful tool of marketing. On the other hand, three newspapers in the country are supplied free. Therefore, this presents the most favorable promotion media in Myanmar. Additionally, road shows would be extremely helpful in creating more awareness within the remote areas, as well as television and radio advertisements (Thu 2012). Promotion should be followed by a strategy for distribution to the end consumers. The best way to distribute the product would be through road, which can reach the most remote areas (lonelyplanet.com, 2013). This would also be fast than some of the other means used in the country such as train and ferries. Coca Cola should pl ace its products in retail shops and open several depots in different areas where retailers can have easy access. References Coca-colafemsa.com. (2013). Company  » Strategy and Competitive Advantages. Retrieved from coca-colafemsa.com/femsa/web/conteudo_en.asp?idioma=1conta=44tipo=27617 Lonelyplanet.com. Getting around. Retrieved from lonelyplanet.com/myanmar-burma/transport/getting-around Rosenberg, M. (2012). Coca-Cola in Every Country but Three? No! Retrieve from http://geography.about.com/b/2012/06/15/coca-cola-in-every-country-but-three-no.htm Thu, K. (20120. Myanmar. Retrieved from https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/Media_Landscapes/Myanmar.pdf

Monday, October 21, 2019

gender issues in sri lanka essays

gender issues in sri lanka essays In general, when considering third world countries, most would say that they have some very similar characteristics. Third world countries are often thought of as places that are impoverished, have significantly high birthrates, are economically dependent on advanced countries, and have not evolved socially in regards to equal rights issues. Although many of these characteristics do apply to Sri Lanka, the latter has definitely evoked some discussion on the topic of gender issues in underdeveloped countries. Issues such as decision making in the household, educated women and their role in society, and attitudes towards women in employment will be discussed. As stated earlier, most would agree that from a distant perspective Sri Lanka would seem to be socially underdeveloped in regards to equal rights. One way that this misconception is debunked is by looking at the roles of male and female in the household. There are many variables to take into consideration when looking at roles of family members and who has the balance of power; for instance, if the wife is working or not could be considered at both ends of the scale. If she is working than her husband may feel that because she is making a financial contribution she has more of a right to make important economic decisions that may effect the family. On the other hand he may feel as though her being away from the children is a detriment to their upbringing, and in turn is placing a burden upon the family leaving the wife with few domestic decisions. Another variable that has to be considered is if the residence is with the husband's family or if it is with the wife's family. In this case one would assume that whichever house was being resided in would have the balance of the say towards family decisions. The last variable that will be considered is that of marital duration. Does a longer marriage necessarily mean that the financial and domestic decisions of the househol...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

How a Cartoonist-for-Hire Can Get Your Books Point Across

How a Cartoonist-for-Hire Can Get Your Books Point Across How Cartoonists Can Turn Ordinary Books Into Something Memorable Nate Fakes is a professional syndicated cartoonist for MAD Magazine. His work has been published worldwide in greeting cards, newspapers, magazines, books, and numerous other places. As a cartoonist-for-hire and a book illustrator, you can  check out his profile on Reedsy. If you run across a cartoon, more than likely, you’ll notice it. No, trust me: you probably will. Think of the last time you didn’t pay attention to a cartoon? They pop-up on your social media feeds, on greeting cards, magazines, and - every so often- books. Cartoons get noticed and leave a lasting impression. You read them, hopefully, get a laugh, and they stick out like a sore thumb. (But unlike a sore thumb, cartoons can hurt from too much laughter.)When I talk about using cartoons, the first thing I hear at the end of the conversation is usually, â€Å"Wow! I never thought of using cartoons before. When you explain it, it all makes sense!†Cartoons work well in many mediums, and books are certainly no exception. Tony Robbins uses them in business and self-improvement books like Awaken the Giant Within. Jeff Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid series of middle-grade novels are structured around illustrations. They’re practically a mainstay in certain t ypes of how-to books. You’ll see them appear in memoirs, gift books, regional books, and†¦ I can go on and on.Using cartoons in your bookImages like cartoons can work wonders on your book, as long as they’re developed the right way, of course. Creating a cookbook? This cartoon could be a great segue into a chapter about using eggs.Most importantly, cartoons can help to humanize a dry topic. If you want to keep readers interested between chapters, a well-placed cartoon will add a much-appreciated burst of levity or humor. Creating a book about computers? A cartoon like this would work well if featured in a chapter about the frustrations of laptops.Give your social media channels a boostNow, more so than ever, cartoons are also a great marketing asset. They can add a lot of character to your website, blog, and social media; people will â€Å"like† and share them; they might even stick a good cartoon up on their fridge.A good example of this is a cartoon I created for 21st Century Fox and Super Bowl LI. They wanted a custom cartoon about the upcoming game and the new technology that was included. Their post that featured the cartoon had the highest number of views on their blog and - to this day- is still the most popular post of all-time.Actor George Takei has used over a dozen of my cartoons to help improve his social media presence. Currently, he’s up to over 10 million followers on Facebook. Here’s an example of how a cartoon can get shared by tens of thousands: The key is: cartoons get people talking. If the cartoon does its job well, it will get noticed - and whoever’s platform it’s featured on will get noticed, too.There are sites with cartoons available for licensing like Cartoonstock and Gag Cartoons, to name a few.Working with a Cartoonist-for-HireIf you really want to personalize your book, blog, newsletter, or social media project, consider hiring a professional cartoonist to create something unique. It’s a great way to enhance any publication with cartoons that are new and fresh. Cartoonists can take almost any idea and run with it. And if you get a true professional, think of this cartoon almost as a celebrity endorsement. They’re using their work to help your book. It’s not as affordable as licensing out cartoons, but it will add a certain quality to any manuscript.Costco used the  following custom cartoon that I created with my company, BizComics, to demonstrate how much people enjoy the free samples at their wholesale stores. The same concept can be applied toward your book.To go back to the first point I made in this post, answer this question: did you read the cartoons on this post? Thought so.A picture is worth a thousand words, right? So, give your fingers a break from typing and try a cartoon instead.Head to the Reedsy Marketplace for free quotes from Nate and other award-winning book illustrators. If you have any questions about cartoons in books, leave it in the comments and Nate will do his best to reply.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Packaging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Packaging - Essay Example The other view is the religious view that revolves around spirituality, and the believers are of the view that any environmental problem is a spiritual one and requires a spiritual approach. Despite the different views on the environmental crisis, a viable solution to any of the problems must be found to lower further problems from arising. The secular views seem to be the best approach to the environmental problems, and best solutions can be achieved through administering the finest practices to lower problems such as pollution. Solutions like advancement in technology and changes in sciences would play a significant role in solving environmental problems in the world (Clowney & Mosto, 2009). Proper waste management would yield better results for a disease free society. Progressive politics and a flourishing economy would be a benchmark to solving the environmental crisis because of economic independence of different nations. People need to appreciate every single effort that is aimed at solving the environmental crisis whether it is from a secular point of view or the broader religious

Friday, October 18, 2019

History 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History 2 - Essay Example As in earlier novels, Grass uses Crabwalk to ask whether subsequent generations of German citizens have adequately dealt with the horrors of the Third Reich. The nation's policy of remorse does not provide the analysis and the assumption of personal responsibility which Grass thinks is necessary. In the deftly-woven plot of Crabwalk, shortsightedness and regret characterize modern Germany, but this vision is far more bleak than the reality. This essay will look at the protagonist Paul Pokriefke – namely his relationships with his mother and son – as well as the significance of the sinking of the MV Wilhelm Gustloff. Germany's reaction to its past is an issue which has not been left dormant over the seventy years since the war. The Reader, written by Bernhard Schlink in 1995 and made into a film in 2008, is just one other of the Vergangenheitsbewaltigung genre, in which German writers struggle to come to terms with their collective past. The problem to be resolved is tha t different factions of society obviously have different solutions for how to deal with the repercussions of the Third Reich. ... The first step of this process is portrayed in Tulla's relationship with her son. Paul refuses to believe his mother's statement that she went into labor with him when the ship MV Wilhelm Gustloff began to sink, attributing this to her sense of drama rather than actual fact. The repercussions of Paul's secret disbelief of his mother will be discussed below. In general terms, Tulla's demand of Paul that he write a history of the capsizing reflects her generation's incapability to deal with Nazism, and the way this responsibility was handed off to a generation who felt equally as unable, as well as far less culpable. In The Reader, Bernhard Schlink expresses the reaction of the second generation as a complete laying of the blame on the silent parents, regardless of whether they had actually been personally involved in the Nazi regime. This approach is just as untenable and unfair as Grass's insistence that the blame should be taken on the shoulders of subsequent generations. Paul's rel ationship with his mother portrays the uneasy dysfunction between those who lived through Nazism and those who came immediately after it. Tulla's silence, coupled with her wish that her son break that silence for her, creates an unhappy family and an unhappy country. This silence, borne of shame, means that following generations will not fully understand the evil of Nazism – the oft-repeated and almost clicheic statement that â€Å"those who forget the past are condemned to repeat it† (George Santayana) is wholly appropriate in the case of Konrad. Grass's antagonist is Konrad Pokriefke, Paul's estranged son, whose close relationship with his

Book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Book review - Essay Example This example is simple and profound. The following excerpt from the book Life of Pi by Yann Martel has relevance to the above example. Pi writes "I left town and on my way back, at a point where the land was high and I could see the sea to my left and down the road a long ways, I suddenly felt I was in heaven. The spot was in fact no different from when I had passed it not long before, but my way of seeing it had changed. The feeling, a paradoxical mix of pulsing energy and profound peace, was intense and blissful. Whereas before the road, the sea, the trees, the air, the sun all spoke differently to me, now they spoke one language of unity. Tree took account of road, which was aware of air, which was mindful of sea, which shared things with sun. Every element lived in harmonious relation with its neighbor, and all was kith and kin. I knelt a mortal; I rose an immortal. I felt like the center of a small circle, coinciding with the center of a much larger one. Atman had met Allah."(p. 59-60) This example elucidates what mystical experience is all about. In this paragraph the sentence â€Å"I suddenly felt I was in heaven† is significant. Heaven is the place where dualities and conflicts of the life on Planet Earth are not there and the perception capacity of an individual is limitless. ‘Heaven’ is the state when an individual has transcended the limitations of mind, meaning reasoning is non-existent there. When an individual transcends the hurdles of reasoning he reaches the conflict-free zone that is the state of bliss. That is the state of permanent happiness. The concept of secularism is the gift of his parents to Pi as they have no interest in dogmatic religion. The important message of Pi is love and he sees unity in diversity and marvels at the cosmic unity in existence and in functioning of everything. He loves the essence of every religion and when the local leaders come to know that he practices Christianity, Islam and Sufism, they ask him

Cash Flow Management in the Lawrence Simulation Essay

Cash Flow Management in the Lawrence Simulation - Essay Example It is in this situation that crisis has struck. Mayo has defaulted on payments for the weeks of 17 through 30 March. Further news is that Mayo will not be paying anything until the week of 14 April. Lawrence must negotiate with Mayo, Gartner, and Murray in order to speed up payments from Mayo and possibly further defer payments to Gartner and Murray. Borrowing from the bank is to be managed to minimize the outstanding balance and subsequent interest expense. Analysis: Lawrence faces two problems, a short-term cash-flow problem, and a larger and more significant strategic problem involving an unhealthy dependence on a single customer and lack of diversity amongst suppliers. We are tasked with the short-term cash flow problem at hand. If Mayo is allowed to proceed with delays of payment until the week of 14 April, the company will suffer a cash-flow deficit of up to $ 411,000 in excess of the $1.2 million line of credit for the period of 31 March through 13 April. Based on the existing payment schedule, there are no savings in interest expense to be gained by forcing Murray to accept delays in payments. If Lawrence chooses not to attempt a negotiation with Gardner for additional time to meet outstanding payments, the interest expense on borrowing will be $3,821 more than if Lawrence attempts to push Gartner to accept further delays in payment, regardless of the terms offered. Is the relationship with Gartner worth $3,821? How much would Lawrence spend to develop a new supplier?

Thursday, October 17, 2019

The project Y2K Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The project Y2K - Assignment Example I would ensure that my duties as well as those of my team members are very clear as well as indicating the responsibilities that can or cannot be delegated (Anantatmula, 2010). Similarly, I would clearly indicate on the firm policy paper the vision of the organization and every new employee would be oriented on the firm vision and the way to achieve it. Employee would also be trained on integrity including the ethics issues that they need to maintain at all times.Good managers need to emulate technology and form a strong teamwork. In order to help my organization to be successful just like the Y2K project, I would ensure that we invest more in modern technology. The Y2K project was successful due to the close monitoring and assessment by use of modern communication systems in US (Leybourne, 2009). Additionally, I would ensure that communication system within the organization. This would ensure that team members are able to make instant report or feedback to ensure that the project do es not deviate from its course. Project managers must involve other team members in undertaking the functions of a project. This implies that project managers should emulate delegating their powers. Project managers have the responsibility of assigning duties to other members of the team, manage daily operations, execute plans and manage budget among other duties. By being assisted for example by the junior accounting officers on the cost effective materials as a delegated duty, managing the project budget.

Urban Legends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Urban Legends - Essay Example It also evaluates how our lives change throughout adulthood when these legends disappear. †¦Modern folklore believed to be true by the people who preach about them†¦ [An urban legend is] an incredible story that may be true or false but gets exaggerated by the people who tell the story. As the story grows older, the more unbelievable the story becomes...Urban legends are a way for people to try and explain the unexplainable. Every culture has their own urban legends that people create. The stories carry their own traditions as they are passed down to later generations (Smith, Smith and Bobbitt, 2008, p. 93). Urban legends originate for a number of reasons. They may have been propagated as an explanation for unexplainable phenomena, as a fun addition to festivities, as a consolation for tragic events, as a way of inculcating certain morals and values, or merely as a creative release. Whatever the reason be, the fact is that these are lies. In most cases, those who propagate these stories know them for false. The questions that emerge here are – is it ethical to spread stories that we ourselves know are false? Is it right to lie to small children about the existence of characters such as Santa Claus and the Tooth Fairy? Is it valid to justify those lies by believing that they serve a fun or moral purpose? These questions continue to be a matter of debate. In early childhood, we live a magical time. We grow up listening to fairy tales, tales of dragons and brave princes. Our festivities, especially Christmas time, are immersed with hoards of expectations from Santa Claus and fun with the Easter Bunny. We grow up idolizing the characters we hear stories of. As children, we do good and avoid bad because we know Santa Claus will get us what we want. Gifts appearing miraculously under the Christmas tree, stockings left overnight filled with candy from Santa,

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Cash Flow Management in the Lawrence Simulation Essay

Cash Flow Management in the Lawrence Simulation - Essay Example It is in this situation that crisis has struck. Mayo has defaulted on payments for the weeks of 17 through 30 March. Further news is that Mayo will not be paying anything until the week of 14 April. Lawrence must negotiate with Mayo, Gartner, and Murray in order to speed up payments from Mayo and possibly further defer payments to Gartner and Murray. Borrowing from the bank is to be managed to minimize the outstanding balance and subsequent interest expense. Analysis: Lawrence faces two problems, a short-term cash-flow problem, and a larger and more significant strategic problem involving an unhealthy dependence on a single customer and lack of diversity amongst suppliers. We are tasked with the short-term cash flow problem at hand. If Mayo is allowed to proceed with delays of payment until the week of 14 April, the company will suffer a cash-flow deficit of up to $ 411,000 in excess of the $1.2 million line of credit for the period of 31 March through 13 April. Based on the existing payment schedule, there are no savings in interest expense to be gained by forcing Murray to accept delays in payments. If Lawrence chooses not to attempt a negotiation with Gardner for additional time to meet outstanding payments, the interest expense on borrowing will be $3,821 more than if Lawrence attempts to push Gartner to accept further delays in payment, regardless of the terms offered. Is the relationship with Gartner worth $3,821? How much would Lawrence spend to develop a new supplier?

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Urban Legends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Urban Legends - Essay Example It also evaluates how our lives change throughout adulthood when these legends disappear. †¦Modern folklore believed to be true by the people who preach about them†¦ [An urban legend is] an incredible story that may be true or false but gets exaggerated by the people who tell the story. As the story grows older, the more unbelievable the story becomes...Urban legends are a way for people to try and explain the unexplainable. Every culture has their own urban legends that people create. The stories carry their own traditions as they are passed down to later generations (Smith, Smith and Bobbitt, 2008, p. 93). Urban legends originate for a number of reasons. They may have been propagated as an explanation for unexplainable phenomena, as a fun addition to festivities, as a consolation for tragic events, as a way of inculcating certain morals and values, or merely as a creative release. Whatever the reason be, the fact is that these are lies. In most cases, those who propagate these stories know them for false. The questions that emerge here are – is it ethical to spread stories that we ourselves know are false? Is it right to lie to small children about the existence of characters such as Santa Claus and the Tooth Fairy? Is it valid to justify those lies by believing that they serve a fun or moral purpose? These questions continue to be a matter of debate. In early childhood, we live a magical time. We grow up listening to fairy tales, tales of dragons and brave princes. Our festivities, especially Christmas time, are immersed with hoards of expectations from Santa Claus and fun with the Easter Bunny. We grow up idolizing the characters we hear stories of. As children, we do good and avoid bad because we know Santa Claus will get us what we want. Gifts appearing miraculously under the Christmas tree, stockings left overnight filled with candy from Santa,

A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

A Christmas Carol Essay Each day scrooge went back or forward too was on Christmas day or Christmas Eve. I the begging of A Christmas Carol scrooge was a horrible and stingy man things that show and prove this statement is when he said to Bob Cratchits Coal is costly this shows that scrooge is cheap and mean because he is wealthy but he doesnt want to keep himself warm because coal cost money. Coal doesnt coast a lot of money and lasts quite a long time but scrooge still doesnt want to spend money on it. Scrooge shows a lot of different signs of changing like when scrooge says, I fear you more than any spectre I have seen. You can tell he is changing at this point, by him saying this because he never wanted to show his emotions but now hes showing them and he is also saying his feelings aloud. Also before he couldnt show his feelings of sadness because he couldnt cry and you can tell this by in the novel it says his cold eye glisten so this shows he is changing emotionally. He shows other ways of changing such as when he (scrooge) says to the ghost Lead on! The night is waning fast, and it is precious time to me hes saying time is precious. This is because he wants to go back to reality and change his ways and do as much good as possible, that is what the readers will automatically think when they read this. This could also mean in a bad prospective that he knows that hes going to have a bad after life so he wants to go back to reality and live his life to the full and carry on doing bad selfish things but what he doesnt know is what the ghost was about to confront him with. But I think he wants to change because he has been given another chance. From this quote you can also see that he was willing to go with the ghost were as at the begging of the journey he didnt want to go with the ghost so therefore over all this quote shows that he is willing to change and go with the ghost and see whatever is about to confront him. Scrooge also says to show he was changing thank you spirit. I think scrooge is thanking the spirit for forgiving him for all the selfish and horrible things he had done in his life. This shows that he has changed because through the whole novel he has had no manners and has never thanked anyone one or even shown gratitude towards anyone so this shows he as changed. In stave 4 Scrooge says, I hope to live to be another man from what I was this shows that scrooge wants to change. When scrooge says this he sounds desperate to change because he is pleading. I think scrooge is so dedicated to change because his and other lives depend on it. I think scrooge feels like he is leading for his life. You can tell that the moral journey and change is done in stave 5 when scrooge kindly buys Cratchit and his family the biggest turkey in the store and he gives Bob Cratchit a raise. At this point in the novel scrooge seems and acts much happier and the people around him do as well. I think he is no longer a lonely, sad and bitter man by the end and he now knows he can be happy and generous at the same time. A Christmas Carol is full of social setting and cultural context. In chapter 1 Marley says I wear the chain I forged in life I made it link by link and yard by yard. This is a use of religion and marley is saying that every link in the chain is a symbol for every person he has hurt or upset and every thing he has done wrong in his life. In chapter 2 it says cold eye glisten this could mean the way Dickens saw the world. He could of felt cold when he looked at the world because of the way people were treated because they were poor and he didnt find it fare to be treated that way. In chapter 3 the poor woman says rather we all drawn together she was talking about how she would rather drawn with her family then go to the work houses. This is Dickens trying to get the message across to how bad the work houses were and what people would do just to avoid going to one. It is like Dickens mouthpiece it was his message to society. Also in chapter 3 the second spirit says, The names are ignorance and want this is Dickens message to society. He also is saying all the wealthy, selfish and mean people at the time were ignorant and they want every thing. In chapter 4 Mr Dilber says its a judgement on him. She is talking about scrooge. This shows that people were very judgemental at the time that the novel was written and people cared a lot about what people thought of them and said about them. This quote also tries into the key themes religion and morality. In chapter 5 scrooge says god forgive for the time I have wasted this is religious. Dickens is saying that god will forgive the rich for being mean and selfish if they change their ways because in the end scrooge was forgiven so they will be to if they change (in a good way). In A Christmas Carol Scrooge makes a moral journey from changing from a horrible, cheap and selfish person into a kind, generous and loved person. Most signs of change happened in chapter 2 and 4. By showing scrooges journey in a way that showed people how happy and generous you can be at once and by showing what the consequences there are if you are greedy and selfish. These made people read Dickens other books and listen to the message he was trying to get across. Dickens tried to change the way in which society worked by writing this book and others. Because Dickens made rich people sound bad he was hated by them and respected by the poor because he was trying to help and defend them.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Types of Agriculture and Farming

Types of Agriculture and Farming AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES Food is the major indispensable, fundamental and vital need of the people. â€Å"It has been calculated that a human under stress, performing hard labor, needs 2000grams of water, 470 grams of dry weight various carbohydrates and fats, 60 to 70grams of dry weight proteins and the appropriate amount of vitamins and minerals. Otherwise said, the colony will need a minimum of 30000 kg water, 7050 kg carbohydrates and fats and 900 kg proteins daily†. The food produced in Arcturus is analogous and like the earth, but here the formula and the procedure followed is different from the agriculture practiced in the earth. Because of the limited space, the higher crop yield, and the disadvantages of soil-based growing, as soil cannot be brought from earth, if it is done so the consequences and expenses that are invested would be more. And even by using soil will escort or lead to immense risks such as the biological contamination for the soil are needed insects and other organisms, which except the risk to transfer few sicknesses can also mutate and multiply themselves unnoticed and damage the station and the colonists. Therefore unique and special type of growing crops should be used which will provide more yield and the best quality alternative should be used. Some of them are: Geoponics Aeroponics Hydroponics Passive sub-irrigation static solution culture Aquaponics Fogponics Vertical farming Organoponics Geoponics: It is a type of cultivation in which the crops are nurtured and are fully fledged by using stimulated and non-natural soil which restrains nafion which has gelatos within it. These are made up of nafion with supplementary polymers and additional materials which are contaminated and toxic. Crops that can be developed by means of this method are: wheat, pulses, maize, fruit trees, and nuts etc. Aeroponics: Crops with rigid and stiff roots are grown and nurtured by this method under these crops will be matured on a lattice like arrangement and drape perpendicularly. Water will be converted into mist, haze and water vapors which the roots of the plants will be lynching in. The plants that can be grown using Aeroponics are Wheat, corn potatoes and salad components like lettuce and herbs. Hydroponics: Hydroponics  is a division of hydro culture and is a technique of mounting plants by means of mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil. This is an inimitable and an amazing system of growing crops with out the utilization of the loam and soil with the application and relevance of distinctive process and with the assist of inimitable, exclusive and distinctive intermediate. In this technique the crops are fully grown in intensely concentrated solution and static, inert medium like periled gravel etc. Passive sub-irrigation: Passive sub-irrigation is a type of hydroponics which is also acknowledged and recognized by the name passive hydroponics or semi hydroponics. In this course of action plants are nurtured with the facilitate of the inert porous medium. This inert medium transfers water and fertilizers to the roots by capillary procedures and events. This accomplishment can be completed by means of a separate and detached reservoir. This will trim and spruce down the labor and fabricate stable, constant and steady delivering of water to the roots. Static solution culture: In static solution culture plants are developed in urns and containers of nutrient solution. These are not grown in normal containers; it can be grown only in glassMason jarsand other urns. The solution is generally quietly ventilated. Sometimes it can be bunged too. If bunged, the solution echelon and stratum is reserved stumpy enough that sufficient parts of roots are exceeding the solution so they get passable and ample oxygen. Aquaponics: Aquaponics is afood generationorganization that coalesces with conformistaquaculturewithin amutual and symbiotic environment. In standard aquaculture,excretion and the propulsionfrom the flora and fauna hoisted can accrue and accumulate in the water, increasing toxicity. In an Aquaponics arrangement, water from an aquaculture system is noshed to ahydroponicsystem where thederivativesare conked out down bynitrogen-fixing microorganismsintonitratesandnitrites, which are consumed and utilized by the plants as nutrients. The water is then re disseminated and circulated reverse to the aquaculture system. Fogponics: Fogponics is an advanced and highly developed outline ofAeroponics. In this processwater invaporizedform relocateand transfer nutrientsandoxygento enclosed perchedplant roots. With the help of the similar common initiative following Aeroponics excluding fogponics consume a 5-30 µm vapor and mist surrounded by the rooting compartment and as use for a foliar nourishing mechanism. Plants preeminently absorb particles from the 1-25 µm assortments; the minute particulate dimension means faster absorption.The additional advantage of utilizing fogponics over traditional hydroponics classification is that the plants necessitate smaller quantity of energy in root growth and mass, and are able to still maintain a large plant. Vertical farming: Vertical farming is taming plant life within askyscraperorangery and conservatoryor on perpendicularly inclined facades. The recent and the latest thoughts and ideas of vertical farming exercise procedures analogous to glass domicile, where natural sunlight can be amplified with simulated lighting. Organoponics: Organoponicsare an organization of urban macrobiotic gardens. They habitually contain low-level tangible ramparts crammed with organic substances and soil, with lines of trickle irrigation arranged on the exterior part of the emergent media. IRRIGATION: Irrigation  is the simulated application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the mounting ofagricultural crops, safeguarding oflandscapes, and foliage, vegetationof disturbed soils in dehydrated areas and at some stage in periods of derisory and inadequate rainfall. The majority of the agriculture on earth is rain nourished. That accomplishment is reliant on the well-timed monsoon and adequate rainfall extend throughout most of the budding season as the rainfall is convoluted and complicated to be created within the space settlement, it would be a challenging task to provide rain to the plants at exact stages or else the plant will not be able to develop properly. Therefore the plants must be irrigated properly. As the plants are not grown in the similar way as grown on the earth, the water will be transported directly to the plants through the pipes. AGRICULTURE DEPENDENT INDUSTRIES Agriculture will also endow its manufacture as unprocessed raw supplies to many different industries. These industries include like those of rubber industry, cotton industry and food dispensation industry. These eatable manufacturing centers will make diverse food foodstuffs for both the citizens and the animals. As crops produces oxygen the oxygen package and transportation center will be established. And even the organic compounds such as the cow dung can be used for making goober gas therefore; a waste management plant will be established. STORAGE OF GRAINS: Storage of grains is another imperative, important and vital measure to protect the grains from bacteria. The grains will be stored according to their seeds or crop type. Grains will be accumulated in aerated, ventilated, desiccated areas, so that there is a smaller amount probability of syndrome. For fruits and vegetables freezing storage room vicinity will be at their position. Also there will be confined and supplementary undersized marketplace where these will be vended and they will have the permanent price for selling. The grains will be amassed in silos encompassing unlike partition at unusual levels, increasing productivity. The mound will have the majority required grain at below end while slightest essential but vital at top. There will be no contact of each harvest acquiesce. Earthworms are the manurists that renovate the putrefying and decomposing plant substance into nutrient affluent manure although less rich than fertilizers but more efficient. Birds and butterflies are the major Pollinators also there will be artificial pollination APS. In this pollen grains will be passed on to a plant via robots. FRUIT/VEGETABLE GROWN SERVING SIZE (IN G) NUTRIENTS (% OF DAILY RECOMMENDED VALUE) Spinach 180 vitamin K (1110.6), vitamin A (294.8), manganese (84), folate (65.6), magnesium (39.1), iron (35.7), vitamin C (29.4), vitamin B2 (24.7), calcium (24.5), potassium (24), vitamin B6 (22), tryptophan (21.9), fiber (17.3), copper (15.5), vitamin B1 (11.1), protein (10.7), phosphorous (10.1), zinc (9.1), vitamin E (8.6), omega 3 fatty acids (6), vitamin B3 (4.4), selenium (3.9) Sesame Seeds 36 copper (74), manganese (44), tryptophan (37.5), calcium (35.1), magnesium (31.6), iron (29.1), phosphorous (22.6), zinc (18.7), vitamin B1 (18.7), fiber (17) Lettuce 112 vitamin K (143.5), vitamin A (58.2), vitamin C (44.8), folate (38), manganese (35.5), chromium (13.1), potassium (9.3), molybdenum (9), fiber (7.6), vitamin B1 (7.3), iron (6.8), vitamin B2 (6.5), phosphorous (5), calcium (4), protein (3.6), omega 3 fatty acids (3.2), tryptophan (3.1), vitamin B3 (2.8), vitamin B6 (2.5) Onions 160 chromium (20.7), vitamin C (17.1), fiber (11.5), manganese (11), molybdenum (10.7), vitamin B6 (9.5), tryptophan (9.4), folate (7.6), potassium (7.2), phosphorous (5.3), copper (5) Tomatoes 180 vitamin C (57.3), vitamin A (22.4), vitamin K (17.8), molybdenum (12), potassium (11.4), manganese (9.5), fiber (7.9), chromium (7.5), vitamin B1 (7.3), vitamin B6 (7), folate (6.8), copper (6.5), vitamin B3 (5.6), vitamin B2 (5.3), magnesium (5), iron (4.5), vitamin B5 (4.4), phosphorous (4.3), vitamin E (3.4), tryptophan (3.1), protein (3.1) Crimini mushrooms 141.75 selenium (52.6), vitamin B2 (40.6), copper (35.5), vitamin B3 (26.9), tryptophan (25), vitamin B5 (21.3), potassium (18.1), phosphorous (17), zinc (10.4), manganese (10), vitamin B1 (8.7), vitamin B6 (8), protein (7.1), folate (5), fiber (3.4), magnesium (3.2), iron (3.2), calcium (2.6) Seaweed 20 iodine (276.7), vitamin K (16.5), folate (9), magnesium (6), calcium (3.4), iron (3.2), tryptophan (3.1) Strawberries 144 vitamin C (136.1), manganese (21), fiber (13.2), iodine (8.6), potassium (6.8), folate (6.4), vitamin B2 (5.9), vitamin B5 (4.9), omega 3 fatty acids (4.4.), vitamin B6 (4), vitamin K (4), magnesium (3.6), copper (3.5) Raspberries 123 manganese (62), vitamin C (51.3), fiber (33.4), folate (8), vitamin B2 (7.1), magnesium (5.5), vitamin B3 (5.5), potassium (5.3), copper (5) Soybeans 172 molybdenum (172), tryptophan (115.6), manganese (71), protein (57.2), iron (49.1), phosphorous (42.1), fiber (41.3), vitamin K (41.3), omega 3 fatty acids (41.2), magnesium (37), copper (35), vitamin B2 (28.8), potassium (25.3) Peanuts 36.5 manganese (35.5), tryptophan (28.1), vitamin B3 (22), folate (21.9), copper (21), protein (18.8) Oranges 131 vitamin C (116.2), fiber (12.5), folate (9.9), vitamin B1(7.3), potassium (6.8), vitamin A (5.4), calcium (5.2) Corn 164 vitamin B1 (24), folate (19), fiber (18.4), vitamin C (16.9), phosphorous (16.9), manganese (16), vitamin B5 (14.4) Carrot 112 vitamin A (686.3), vitamin K (20.1), vitamin C (18.9), fiber (14.6), potassium (11.3), vitamin B6 (9), manganese (8.5), molybdenum (8.1), vitamin B1 (8), vitamin B3 (5.6), phosphorous (5.4), magnesi The next chart shows which foods contain the following nutrients, and are listed in alphabetical order NUTRIENT FOOD (% OF DAILY RECOMMENDED VALUE) Calcium sesame seed (97.5), sea weed (17), spinach (13.6), lettuce (3.6), orange (4), mushroom (1.8) Chromium onion (12.9), lettuce (11.7), tomato (4.2) Copper sesame seed (205.6), peanut (57.5), mushroom (25), soy bean (20.3), spinach (8.6), raspberry (4.1), tomato (3.6), onion (3.1), strawberry (2.4) Fiber sesame seed (47.2), raspberry (27.2), soy bean (24), carrot (13), corn (11.2), spinach (9.6), orange (9.5), strawberry (9.2), onion (7.2), lettuce (6.8), tomato (4.4), mushroom (2.4) Folate peanut (60), sea weed (45), spinach (36.4), lettuce (33.9), corn (11.6), orange (7.6), raspberry (6.5), onion (4.8), strawberry (4.4), carrot (3.8), tomato (3.8), mushroom (3.5) Iodine seaweed (1383.5), strawberry (6) Iron sesame seed (80.8), soy bean (28.5), spinach (19.8), sea weed (16), lettuce (6.1), tomato (2.5), mushroom (2.3) Magnesium sesame seed (87.8), sea weed (30), spinach (21.7), soy bean (21.5), raspberry (4.5), carrot (4.1), tomato (2.8), strawberry (2.5), mushroom (2.3) Manganese sesame seed (122.2), peanut (97.3), raspberry (50.4), spinach (46.7), soy bean (41.3), lettuce (32), strawberry (14.6), corn (9.8), carrot (7.6), mushroom (7.1), onion (6.9), tomato (5.3) Molybdenum soy bean (100), lettuce (8), carrot (7.2), onion (6.7), tomato (6.7) Omega 3 fatty acids soy bean (24), spinach (3.3), strawberry (3.1), lettuce (2.9) Potassium soy bean (14.7), spinach (13.3), mushroom (12.8), carrot (10.1), lettuce (8.3), tomato (6.3), orange (5.2), strawberry (4.7), onion (4.5), raspberry (4.3) Phosphorus sesame seed (62.8), soy bean (24.5), mushroom (12), corn (10.3), spinach (5.6), carrot (4.8), lettuce (4.5), onion (3.3), tomato (2.4) Protein peanut (51.5), soy bean (33.3), spinach (5.9), mushroom (5), lettuce (3.2), tomato (1.7) Selenium mushroom (37), spinach (2.2) Tryptophan sesame seed (104.2), peanut (77), soy bean (67.2), mushroom (17.6), sea weed (15.5), spinach (12.2), onion (5.9), lettuce (2.8), tomato (1.7) Vitamin A carrot (612.8), spinach (163.8), lettuce (52), tomato (12.4), orange (4.1) Vitamin B1 sesame seed (51.9), corn (14.6), carrot (7.1), lettuce (6.5), spinach (6.2), mushroom (6.1), orange (5.6), tomato (4.1) Vitamin B2 mushroom (28.6), soy bean (16.7), spinach (13.7), lettuce (5.8), raspberry (5.8), strawberry (4.1), tomato (2.9) Vitamin B3 peanut (60.3), mushroom (19), carrot (5)raspberry (4.5), tomato (3.1), lettuce (2.5), spinach (2.4) Vitamin B5 mushroom (15), corn (8.8), strawberry (3.4), tomato (2.4) Vitamin B6 spinach (12.2), carrot (8), onion (5.9), mushroom (5.6), tomato (3.9), strawberry (2.8), lettuce (2.2) Vitamin C strawberry (94.5), orange (88.7), raspberry (41.7), lettuce (40), tomato (31.8), carrot (1.69), spinach (16.3), onion (10.7), corn (10.3) Vitamin E spinach (4.8), tomato (1.9) Vitamin K spinach (617), lettuce (128.1), sea weed (82.5), soy bean (24), carrot (17.9), tomato (9.9), strawberry (2.8) Zinc sesame seed (51.9), mushroom (7.3), spinach (5.1)

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Voltaire :: Essays Papers

Voltaire Francois Marie Arouet (pen name Voltaire) was born on November 21, 1694 in Paris. Voltaire's style, wit, intelligence and keen sense of justice made him one of France's greatest writers and philosophers. Young Francois Marie received an excellent education at a Jesuit school. He left school at 16 and soon formed friendships with a group of sophisticated Parisian aristocrats. Paris society sought his company for his cleverness, humor and remarkable ability to write verse. In 1717 he was arrested for writing a series of satirical verses ridiculing the French government, and was imprisoned in the Bastille. During his eleven months in prison he wrote his first major play, "Oedipe," which achieved great success in 1718. He adopted his pen name "Voltaire" the same year. In 1726 Voltaire insulted a powerful young nobleman and was given two options: imprisonment or exile. He chose exile and from 1726 to 1729 lived in England. While in England Voltaire was attracted to the philosophy of John Locke and ideas of the great scientist Sir Isaac Newton. After his return to Paris he wrote a book praising English customs and institutions. The book was thought to criticize the French government and Voltaire was forced to flee Paris again. In 1759 Voltaire purchased an estate called "Ferney" near the French-Swiss border where he lived until just before of his death. Ferney soon became the intellectual capitol of Europe. Throughout his years in exile Voltaire produced a constant flow of books, plays, pamphlets, and letters. He was a voice of reason, and an outspoken critic of religious intolerance and persecution. Voltaire returned to a hero's welcome in Paris at age 83. The excitement of the trip was too much for him and he died in Paris. Because of his criticism of the church Voltaire was denied burial in church ground.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Briefer and Deeper: A Comparative Analysis of Depth-Oriented Psychother

Briefer and Deeper: A Comparative Analysis of Depth-Oriented Psychotherapy Introduction The use of psychotherapy in decidedly time-limited contexts is the hallmark of modern trends toward maximizing effectiveness and minimizing costs in the realm of health and mental health treatment. Although clients have historically utilized therapy for brief intervals (an average of 8 sessions), the use of models designed for this purpose is comparatively new. There is an ever-widening breadth of approaches - both formerly long-term designs modified to require fewer sessions and those born with the goal of brevity. Despite the diversity in brief psychotherapy (BPT) approaches, each therapy tends to be based on similar fundamental assumptions and general themes. For example, it is widely believed that a skillful therapist can affect useful changes in the lives of clients - changes that continue to build long after the treatment ends (Messer & Warren, 1995). These therapies also include root metaphors or ideas of where human difficulty arises, a set of curative factors, and an image of what it means to be mentally healthy (Borden, 1999). Finally, in an effort to address client issues briefly, the articulation of a clinical focus is seen as essential and can range from present day relational problems to underlying struggles with drives and anxiety - depending on the theoretical orientation. In comparison, Bruce Ecker and Laurel Hulley's Depth-Oriented Brief Psychotherapy (DOBT) model presents a slight variation to what has become the customary brief approach. DOBT is composed of techniques organized around the idiosyncratic, unconsciously held meanings of each client. Thus, there is no set formula or core dilemma to be address... ...ard theoretical pluralism in clinical practice. Most importantly, however, is DOBT's reassuring techniques which allows its clients a new, more coherent knowledge of themselves which leads to a deep and exquisite form of healing. References Borden, W. (1999). "Pluralism, pragmatism, and the therapeutic endeavor in brief dynamic treatment. W. Borden (Ed.) The therapeutic endeavor in brief dynamic treatment: Theory, research, practice, commentary. Haworth Press, New York. Ecker, B. & Hulley, L. (1996). Depth-oriented brief therapy: How to be brief when you were trained to be deep and vice-versa. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco. Ecker, B. & Hulley, L. (1999). Depth-oriented brief therapy. [Online]. Available: www.dobt.com Messer, S. & Warren, C. (1995). Models of brief psychodynamic therapy: A comparative approach. The Guildford Press, New York.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Management: Hamburger and Traditional Dishes Essay

Questions 1. What opportunities and threats did McDonald’s face? How did it handle them? What alternatives could it have chosen? Ans: Opportunities: This wonderful phrase echoes around the world 50 million times a day, in 30,000 locations, in multitude of languages, in more than 120 countries around the globe. And this simple thought sums up the reason McDonald’s has become the best known and most popular quick service restaurant around the world, quite a tribute to Ray Kroc, who founded this company nearly 50 years ago with the simple vision expressed by his phrase ‘Take good care of those who work for you, and you will float to greatness on their achievements’ Threats: The threats to McDonald’s domestically are the lack of growth opportunities. The market is well saturated, and it would difficult to achieve double-digit growth. Other concerns are a newfound emphasis on healthier eating. But I feel the key threat to McDonald’s continued success. Because McDonald’s are everywhere, the dining experience is never special. And as Baby Boomers age and become more affluent, it is likely that they will leave behind their fast-food ways, if only to step up to moderately priced restaurants like Olive Garden, KFC and Pizzeria Uno. These chains have the added advantage of serving higher-margin alcoholic drinks. McDonald’s, meanwhile, has to continually battle Burger King and Wendy’s, which leads to an erosion of margins for everyone. Even alliances with toy manufacturers, while popular with consumers, do little for the bottom line because the cost to run these promotions can be quite expensive. How to handle them: McDonald’s faces some difficult challenges, the best solutions for them are: * Key to its future success will be maintaining its core strengths. * Unwavering focus on quality and consistency. * McDonald’s management organized a successful plan and also implement the plan. * McDonalds should provide traditional dishes. * The company could also look into expanding more aggressively abroad where the prospects for significant growth are greater. * McDonalds should distribute free sample in different offices and colleges. Alternatives: * McDonald’s is actively trying to reduce their negative impact on the environment by altering their company policies. * They have the ability to add healthier lines of food. * McDonalds should provide bonus to his employees for better performance. * McDonalds should decrease its prices in that country where per capita is very low. * McDonalds provide traditional dishes to their customers. 3. What is McDonald’s basic philosophy? How does it enforce this philosophy and adapt to different environments? Ans: McDonald’s main philosophy is to be the major player in the food services around the world. It achieves this philosophy by its highly professional management which keeps an eye on everything. Their planning and strategies are more customer driven then advertisement and moreover their food is what gives them edge over others. The management provides food according to the demand of its customer and its environment. For example: for Muslim countries their menu is according to their religious laws, for Japan where burgers are a snack, McDonald’s provide them accordingly. 4. Should McDonald’s expand its menu? If you say no, then why not? If you say yes, what kinds of products should it add? Ans: Yes, According to my view, McDonald’s satisfies the whole concept of fast food. It provides a vast range of edibles starting from different sort of burgers, snacks, different coffees, milkshakes, ice creams, pastas and even pizzas but it also provide some type of traditional dishes so that the people which do not likes these things will enjoy the traditional ones. 5. Why is McDonald’s successful in many countries around the world? Ans: In the present day – we all lead a very hectic lifestyle cramping our lives with endless things to do and accomplish. Gone are the days when meals were cooked and served in households three times a day, instead, the youth live on pre-cooked micro waved meals and fast food. We want food and we want it fast. This was essence for the rise of McDonald’s. Another reason is that McDonald’s management contributed for this huge success. It perform all five managerial skills very well and efficiently. They started from scratch but they are now a great player in food services. Their food, management , advertisement, pucks, highly equipped franchises(having sofas, chairs, Wi-Fi connections, etc) all make them best in the market and they stand out by giving edge now to its competitors in every respect.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Social Learning: Knowledge Acquisition in a Social Context

Social learning theory posits that knowledge acquisition is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behaviour, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as of vicarious reinforcement.Role Model TheorySocial learning theory states that people learn from the people that they look up to; this has a huge effect on children of young age and because of their age and knowledge they don’t fully know what’s wrong and what’s right, so that’s why most children look up to celebs on T. V and they want to achieve what they have achieved, sometimes a child’s biggest role models are their parents and they will imitate their behaviour for example if the father of a child is abusive and rough with them than the child might grow up thinking th at was normal and imitate the behaviours when they are older.Social learning theory was first introduced in 1977 by Albert Bandura and he stated that behaviour is learned from the environment around us and through the process of observational learning, for example a child’s environment and upraising is very important in influencing the child’s behaviour in later life, if the child’s environment is a rough area and are brought up by rough parents then the child is more likely to copy the actions and the behaviour of the parents when they grow up.This is clearly illustrated in the Bobo Doll experiment in 1961 by Bandura. Bobo Doll Experiment In 1961 Albert Bandura selected 36 boys and 36 girls from ages between 3 to 6 years old, bandura also chose 2 adults a male and a female; he wanted the adults act aggressively towards the Bobo doll while 24 of the children watched, he wanted the adults act as role models for the children so he can analyse what effects that has on the children, the adults were told to throw the doll about and attack it with various weapons like toy guns, hammers and sticks.While 24 of the group of children watched the 2 adults hitting the doll, the other group of 24 children were watching a non-aggressive adults and the final 24 child were used as a control group and not exposed to any model at all. After the children experienced the adult’s (whether they were  aggressive, non-aggressive or no adult) they were taken in the room with toys and they were also told not to play or touch the toys, as the children got angry and frustrated over the rule of not playing with the toys they were taken to another room where there was a Bobo doll and aggressive and non-aggressive toys that they were allowed to play with, the experimenters recorded the children behaviour.Bandura found out that the children who were exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model, those children who were exposed to the aggressive model started hitting the doll with a toy gun and a hammer and also started to punch, kick and throwing it while shouting at the doll. But the children that were exposed to non-aggressive models did not react aggressively towards the Bobo doll instead they just played with the toys and the Bobo doll. Self-full filling prophecySelf-fulfilling prophecy a positive or negative expectation about people that may affect a person’s behaviour towards another in a manner that causes those expectations to be made true. e. g. â€Å"treat others how you would like to be treated â€Å"This happens because our beliefs influence our actions. A child might have low self-esteem so he/she will not try out for any sports teams because their belief is that they are not confident and good enough so he/she will make that belief and prediction happen because they have no self-esteem and confidence.Anti-discrimination behaviour Ant i-discrimination behaviour is action taken to prevent discrimination against people on the grounds of race, class, gender, disability etc. Anti-discriminatory practice promotes equality by introducing anti-discrimination policies in the workplace, this is a good way to preventing discrimination in the workplace because it makes the employees aware of the rules and the horrible effects that discrimination could have on people including self harm and suicide.Another really good way of preventing discrimination on a wide scale is to get popular celebrities to promote a campaigned against discrimination on T. V so it can be seen by millions. Because the campaign is promoted by a popular celebrity it will have lots of followers and supporters, this is because the celebrity acts as a role model and will influence their fans to prevent discrimination from happening.As well as celebrities preventing discrimination and promoting anti- discrimination, other people who aren’t celebritie s can also promote anti-discrimination but it will take longer than celebrities because not everyone is well known and have that many supporters or fans to follow them, this can be done by a person encouraging family and friends together and telling them to let others know about anti-discrimination and after a while more and more people will be promoting the campaign.With lots of supporters. An example of a celebrity promoting anti-discrimination is David Beckham and he promotes the â€Å"SAY NO TO RACISIM† campaign through videos, conventions and also by telling supporters to spread the word, because is well known and liked around the world he has a huge number of followers on twitter which he also uses to promote his campaign. Groups and effects of others (Asch experiment)Solomon Asch conducted a series of experiments in which he studied the willingness of an individual to fit in a group while answering a question, even when those answers were obviously wrong. In the experi ment, subjects who were unaware of the actual experiment were told that they were participating in a vision test. In reality though, each subject was placed in a group of people for the experiments. The people in the group were fully aware of the true purpose of the study.The aim of the experiment was to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. They seated the group in a classroom and they were asked a variety of questions about an image on which was placed in front of them which contained straight line labelled A, B and C and they were asked how long line A was, which line was longer than the other, which lines were the same length, etc.The group was told to answer each question out loud in front of the rest of the group, with the accomplices of the experiment always answering before the subjects and always giving the same answers as the others. They answered a few of the questions correctly, but then started answering incorrectly on purpose. The results of this experiment were that nearly 75 percent of the participants in the conformity experiments went along with the rest of the group at least one time even though the answer was obviously wrong.The results showed that people feel pressured go along with the majority of people because they feel pressured to fit in with the group and not stand alone against them. Health and Social Care An example of a positive role model for children to look up to and be inspired by is a doctor because they are respected by society and also they help people in need as they save the life’s of hundreds, this makes children look up to them because they see them as hard working, intelligent and respected professionals who make sick people better.Another reason a doctor is a good role model is that their professional achievement is an indication that they have finished education and worked hard to get to where they are, so that influences children to do work har d to and do well in school to get to where they want to be. They are also positive role model because they promote a healthy living and the majority of them promote anti-discrimination and these influence kids to be health and not to judge people because of their skin or background. Social Learning: Knowledge Acquisition in a Social Context Social learning theory posits that knowledge acquisition is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behaviour, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as of vicarious reinforcement.Role Model TheorySocial learning theory states that people learn from the people that they look up to; this has a huge effect on children of young age and because of their age and knowledge they don’t fully know what’s wrong and what’s right, so that’s why most children look up to celebs on T. V and they want to achieve what they have achieved, sometimes a child’s biggest role models are their parents and they will imitate their behaviour for example if the father of a child is abusive and rough with them than the child might grow up thinking th at was normal and imitate the behaviours when they are older.Social learning theory was first introduced in 1977 by Albert Bandura and he stated that behaviour is learned from the environment around us and through the process of observational learning, for example a child’s environment and upraising is very important in influencing the child’s behaviour in later life, if the child’s environment is a rough area and are brought up by rough parents then the child is more likely to copy the actions and the behaviour of the parents when they grow up.This is clearly illustrated in the Bobo Doll experiment in 1961 by Bandura. Bobo Doll Experiment In 1961 Albert Bandura selected 36 boys and 36 girls from ages between 3 to 6 years old, bandura also chose 2 adults a male and a female; he wanted the adults act aggressively towards the Bobo doll while 24 of the children watched, he wanted the adults act as role models for the children so he can analyse what effects that has on the children, the adults were told to throw the doll about and attack it with various weapons like toy guns, hammers and sticks.While 24 of the group of children watched the 2 adults hitting the doll, the other group of 24 children were watching a non-aggressive adults and the final 24 child were used as a control group and not exposed to any model at all. After the children experienced the adult’s (whether they were  aggressive, non-aggressive or no adult) they were taken in the room with toys and they were also told not to play or touch the toys, as the children got angry and frustrated over the rule of not playing with the toys they were taken to another room where there was a Bobo doll and aggressive and non-aggressive toys that they were allowed to play with, the experimenters recorded the children behaviour.Bandura found out that the children who were exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model, those children who were exposed to the aggressive model started hitting the doll with a toy gun and a hammer and also started to punch, kick and throwing it while shouting at the doll. But the children that were exposed to non-aggressive models did not react aggressively towards the Bobo doll instead they just played with the toys and the Bobo doll. Self-full filling prophecySelf-fulfilling prophecy a positive or negative expectation about people that may affect a person’s behaviour towards another in a manner that causes those expectations to be made true. e. g. â€Å"treat others how you would like to be treated â€Å"This happens because our beliefs influence our actions. A child might have low self-esteem so he/she will not try out for any sports teams because their belief is that they are not confident and good enough so he/she will make that belief and prediction happen because they have no self-esteem and confidence.Anti-discrimination behaviour Ant i-discrimination behaviour is action taken to prevent discrimination against people on the grounds of race, class, gender, disability etc. Anti-discriminatory practice promotes equality by introducing anti-discrimination policies in the workplace, this is a good way to preventing discrimination in the workplace because it makes the employees aware of the rules and the horrible effects that discrimination could have on people including self harm and suicide.Another really good way of preventing discrimination on a wide scale is to get popular celebrities to promote a campaigned against discrimination on T. V so it can be seen by millions. Because the campaign is promoted by a popular celebrity it will have lots of followers and supporters, this is because the celebrity acts as a role model and will influence their fans to prevent discrimination from happening.As well as celebrities preventing discrimination and promoting anti- discrimination, other people who aren’t celebritie s can also promote anti-discrimination but it will take longer than celebrities because not everyone is well known and have that many supporters or fans to follow them, this can be done by a person encouraging family and friends together and telling them to let others know about anti-discrimination and after a while more and more people will be promoting the campaign.With lots of supporters. An example of a celebrity promoting anti-discrimination is David Beckham and he promotes the â€Å"SAY NO TO RACISIM† campaign through videos, conventions and also by telling supporters to spread the word, because is well known and liked around the world he has a huge number of followers on twitter which he also uses to promote his campaign. Groups and effects of others (Asch experiment)Solomon Asch conducted a series of experiments in which he studied the willingness of an individual to fit in a group while answering a question, even when those answers were obviously wrong. In the experi ment, subjects who were unaware of the actual experiment were told that they were participating in a vision test. In reality though, each subject was placed in a group of people for the experiments. The people in the group were fully aware of the true purpose of the study.The aim of the experiment was to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. They seated the group in a classroom and they were asked a variety of questions about an image on which was placed in front of them which contained straight line labelled A, B and C and they were asked how long line A was, which line was longer than the other, which lines were the same length, etc.The group was told to answer each question out loud in front of the rest of the group, with the accomplices of the experiment always answering before the subjects and always giving the same answers as the others. They answered a few of the questions correctly, but then started answering incorrectly on purpose. The results of this experiment were that nearly 75 percent of the participants in the conformity experiments went along with the rest of the group at least one time even though the answer was obviously wrong.The results showed that people feel pressured go along with the majority of people because they feel pressured to fit in with the group and not stand alone against them. Health and Social Care An example of a positive role model for children to look up to and be inspired by is a doctor because they are respected by society and also they help people in need as they save the life’s of hundreds, this makes children look up to them because they see them as hard working, intelligent and respected professionals who make sick people better.Another reason a doctor is a good role model is that their professional achievement is an indication that they have finished education and worked hard to get to where they are, so that influences children to do work har d to and do well in school to get to where they want to be. They are also positive role model because they promote a healthy living and the majority of them promote anti-discrimination and these influence kids to be health and not to judge people because of their skin or background.