The World Of Donald Trump Essay - 3687 Words

The World According to Donald Trump â€Å"I want to tell the world community that while we will always put America’s interests first, we will deal fairly with everyone, all people and all other nations.† Donald J. Trump, victory speech on November 9, 2016 On November 8, 2016, Donald J. Trump shocked the entire nation and the world when he was elected President of the United States of America. Against all odds, he was able to defeat Hillary Clinton, a candidate who had greater knowledge of the political system and foreign affairs. Donald Trump; a businessman, will become the first president in the history of the United States with no political, military or foreign policy experience. Yet, he has stated that his knowledge and experience in business will help him navigate in the international arena. In the domestic political arena, Republicans and Democrats had said that Mr. Trump lacks concise and clear political philosophy. For them, he is just a simple demagogue and charlatan that vilifies the current political establishment. Yet, his particular and unique ideology has come to be known as â€Å"Trumpism†, an ideology that differs completely from traditional American conservatism or liberalism. Historians N. D. B. Connolly (John Hopkins University) and Keisha N. Blain (University of Iowa) have defined Trumpism as: â€Å"A personal and political gain marred by intolerance, derived from wealth, and rooted in the history of segregation, sexism, and exploitation† . In addition, he hasShow MoreRelatedPresident Donald J. Trump : The Leader Of The Free World783 Words   |  4 PagesSince the election of President Donald J. Trump, a president whose political viewpoints are entrenched by nativism, protectionism, and an apparent fondness for Russia, some analysts have mad e the claim that German Chancellor Angela Merkel is now the leader of the free world. Being at the forefront of the Syrian refugee crisis by maintaining Germany’s open-door refugee policy, and her intense support for free trade, it is understandable to comprehend why analysts assume that the mantel as protectorRead MoreDonald John Trump865 Words   |  3 PagesDonald John Trump was born in Queens, New York City, New York on June 14, 1946. He is the chairman and president of the Trump Organization and the founder of Trump Entertainment Resorts. He worked for his father at Elizabeth Trump Son. He was given control of his father’s company and renamed it The Trump Organization. Donald Trump starred in a popular NBC show, The Apprentice. All of these successes made Donald turn into a very well known celebrity, coming in No.17 on the 2011 Forbes CelebrityRead MoreAnalysis Of Theodore Roosevelt s The Arena 1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthat a winner has to be able to endure h ardship and tribulations. Winning and losing have been leading factors in the world for many years, playing a role in shaping human identity. Winning has shaped the United States of America economically, socially, and morally. Our great nation was founded on the principles of winning. The United States of America leads the rest of the world altogether in terms of morality, economics, freedom and many other ways. United States has always been a land where othersRead MoreA President Should Be A Trustworthy And Understanding Person1013 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernors, state senators, or vice presidents. Donald Trump, a wealthy businessman is running for the 2016 presidential elections. He has no past political experiences or any experiences that would make him a good president. Donald Trump has the knowledge in business and buying property but not in running a country. In recent speeches and articles, Donald Trump has expressed his views on the First Amendment. He was not supportive of it. Donald Trump also expressed his views on women and race. InRead MoreInformative Speech on Donald Trump1131 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech: Donald Trump Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will know more about Donald Trump. Introduction I. Does anyone know who’s famous line is â€Å"you’re fired!†? Donald Trump. Whether you have seen him on the Apprentice or see him all over the news, Donald Trump seems to be in the media quite a lot. II. By the end of this speech, you will have learned more about the life of Donald Trump. III. We are all business students and Donald Trump has stood out inRead MoreI Don t A Good President1353 Words   |  6 Pagesof mine who are Trump supporters inform me that they support him, I don’t understand the reasons why they picture him as our future president of the united states. Donald Trump has never been an elected official. He has never been elected into an office of any kind. He’s never had to broker political compromise or gave any political speeches prior to him running for president. With no experience in politics at all, why would people think he’d make a good president? Sure, Donald Trump is a barefacedRead MoreDonald Trump And The President Of The United States Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesDoes Donald Trump have what it takes to be the next President of the United States of America? A president is someone that is â€Å"elected by the citizens of a republican state to be the head of the state.† Someone that is dedicated to their cou ntry, cares about the well-being of the citizens, and makes plans that will improve the country rather than destroy it would be considered as a good President. Donald Trump was born on June 14, 1946 in Queens, New York to Frederick C. Trump and Mary Macleod TrumpRead MoreThe Fate Of America909 Words   |  4 Pagesdemocrats side a woman. Donald Trump, the leading republican candidate, basically says anything he wants and some Americans love it. Democratic candidate Hilary Clinton has a lot of political background but to some seems to be forcing things and doing things out of her character. Bernie Sanders, another democratic candidate, seem to be over promising. Many think his ideas will not suffice. While both democratic candidates can become great presidents in my opinion, I believe if Donald Trump wins this electionRead MoreDonald Trump : America s Request And Actually Make America Great Again Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesody Hayes-Tyler English 1301 Mr. Hale 11/18/16 Donald Trump Will Donald Trump fulfill America’s request and actually â€Å"make America great again†? When friends of mine who are Trump supporters inform me that they support him, I don’t understand the reasons why they picture him as our future president of the united states. Donald Trump has never been an elected official. He has never been elected into an office of any kind. He’s never had to broker political compromise or gave any politicalRead MoreDonald Trump As A Man Of Knowledge Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagesyear’s elections, Donald Trump has begun burning more bridges then building. Donald Trump has been questioned about his tax returns more than once during the election period as well as during the debates. Still to the day, he still denies releasing them because he said it’s not in his interest. Is he not showing his tax returns because he believes it will cause even more harm. During the campaign, Donald Trump has also brought us issue s regarding deporting illegal immigrants. Donald Trump is an empowered

Essay on Philosophy’s Prejudice Towards Religion - 3943 Words

Philosophy’s Prejudice Towards Religion ABSTRACT: Religion acquired a bad press in philosophical modernity after a rivalry developed between philosophy and theology, originating in philosophy’s adopting the role of our culture’s superjudge in all of morality and knowledge, and in faith’s coming to be seen as belief, that is, as assent to propositional content. Religion, no longer trust in the face of mystery, became a belief system. Reason as judge of propositional belief set up religion’s decline. But spirituality is on the rise, and favors trust over reason. Philosophy could make space for the spiritual by acknowledging a difference between belief as propositional assent and religious faith as trust, a distinction lost with the†¦show more content†¦Conceived as a rival of philosophy, in providing some coherent account of things religion lost respect. Kai Nielsen is a well-known representative of this line in his thought. I doubt whether philosophy would have dismissed religion if a rivalry between philosophy and theology had not developed. There certainly was no need for it to develop. Philosophy, as a rationally coherent account of how things, generally speaking, hang together, would not need to see a rival in stories and rituals in which people tell of and nurture their trust in our origin and destiny, search for healing in our pain and sickness, hope to be comforted in death and disaster, and find wisdom in the face of evil. Philosophy, as an endeavor in which rational argument brings us to broad conclusions intended to contribute to our power and control in the world, need not be in conflict with religion in which prophetic wisdom attempts to comfort and direct us in relation to realities over which we will never have much rational power or control. Philosophy develops the broadest possible framework of conceptual understanding. Religion fosters attitudes towards things not understood that way at all. Nevertheless, rivalry came about when philosophy came to be regarded as what has been called our culture’s superjudge, adjudicator of all claims to knowledge or morality. In this way philosophy came to adopt some traditional functions of religion, of priests and prophets. In addition,Show MoreRelatedThe Moral And Ethical Dilemmas Facing The Lawyer And The Philosopher s Search For Truth2469 Words   |  10 Pagesconsidered its meaning to be an indefinable concept. In contrast, the lawyer’s understanding of truth may be disordered. There is a lack of definition, critique and analysis of truth within the law in comparison to other matters, such as philosophy, religion and social science. Within law, there are long held views that truth is subservient to justice. Further, it is widely accepted that truth is not the major concern of the justice system, and that proving facts rather than proving truth is the primary

A House of My Dream Every Person Has His Own Idea of a Perfect House Free Essays

Since the time immemorial people always wanted to make their dwelling a place, where one feels comfortable and cosy, where one always wants to come back to. A dwelling of my dream is not a flat but a two-storeyed mansion. And as a real hostess I’d like to arrange everything in the house according to my taste. We will write a custom essay sample on A House of My Dream: Every Person Has His Own Idea of a Perfect House or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, let me tell you about my house. When you come to me, you push a big wooden front door, wiping your feet on the door-mat, and enter the hall. The floor is covered with a fitted carpet, the wallpaper is light and has a small pattern. There’s a seat and a small table near the wall and a huge mirror above it. Then you enter the living-room. The bright full-length curtains are drawn back, and sunshine fills the room. The living-room suite, consisting of a sideboard, a bookcase, a sofa, an elegant coffee table and three armchairs, is arranged around three walls. There’s a video system near the window. On the ground floor there’s also a kitchen and a bathroom. The kitchen is a very large room with a big window. There is a gas cooker with a hood, two wall-cupboards and a sink unit there. Near the opposite wall there is a dishwasher, a refrigerator and a table. Let’s go upstairs and have a look at the bedroom. This is a very cosy and warm room. The bedroom suite consists of a bed, two bedside tables and a wardrobe. The window overlooks the back yard. In my house there is also a terrace, a garage and a garden and so many other things I’d like to have; at least, in my dream house. How to cite A House of My Dream: Every Person Has His Own Idea of a Perfect House, Papers

Role of Federal State and Local Governmentsâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss the role of federal, state, and local governments, rhe role of providers. Answer: Healthcare system is a system, where, therapeutic, diagnostic, and preventive measures are taken in response to maintenance, rehabilitative, palliative and mental care. Certain problems have raised in this present health care in United States, like increased mortality and morbidity rate and decreased life expectations in human being. It is also noticed that rural areas are not getting proper treatment. To overcome this situation, this healthcare system should be designed in such a way that it should be associated with dispensing and sale of equipment, device or drug or equipment and other things to the prescription. The people, who will play vital roles in this healthcare system in the United States, are, federal, state, and local governments, insurance companies, employers, providers, consumers. It is very necessary to understand their roles. Role of federal, state, and local governments: In this newly designed healthcare system, the role of the federal, state, and local governments will be played in such a way, that the rural and undeveloped areas can get more health facilities. This change can be done in various ways, through influencing or determining key system components, like, provider and information infrastructures, quality of care, insurance coverage etc. This influences these components in their roles as conveners, collaborators, planners, analysts, regulators and purchasers as well as providers of technical and information assistance (Zimlichman et al., 2013). In spite of their activity, there is a little systematic effort to spread innovations, learn from their choices and to monitor states in between states and local areas. The federal government will play the central role in the healthcare sector. To increase the level of the quality of the organization, the federal government has to peruse consistent practices and policies and common aims for the advanc ement in rural healthcare functions. The federal government will utilize the advantages of its position as sponsor of applied health services, health care provider, health care purchaser and regulator. The role of insurance companies: Generally, the insurance companies financially support the demands of the healthcare organization. It also helps the patients to get financial support to carry the high expenses of any treatment (Berwick Hackbarth, 2012). This healthcare system will be designed in such a way that along with the local patients, the rural people and the families with more unemployed members will get the insurance facility. The insurance companies will focus on children and older people. The role of employers: Employers will play a vital role in this newly designed healthcare system for their employees through their decisions, their negotiations with health plans and direct efforts to institute system change related to the layout of the health benefits (Burwell, 2015). Employers can provide certain facilities, like incentives to the employees in critical care. The employers of the new health care system can also arrange for health camps in the area to provide most advanced treatment. In recent stability in healthcare, employers are showing concerns to employees about managing the care through less structured managed care plans. It offers out-of-network options or broader networks to providers. The role of providers: Any healthcare system is incomplete without the providers. There are many providers, who have great impacts in the healthcare system, like, drug suppliers, medical instrument suppliers, investors, etc. In the new healthcare system, the drug suppliers will be asked to provide more advanced drugs in low cost (Dubberke Olsen, 2012). It will help the people to get the treatment in minimal costs. The medical instrument suppliers will help this healthcare system through supplying the more advanced robotic instruments. The robotic instruments will lower down the manual effort. The Administrative health care providers will make an environment that shows response towards health care needs of the community. They also make connections between insurance companies and patients for payments and billing. The role of the consumers: The consumers will play a significant role in the health care system. They should considerably augment their influence on quality. In this designed plan, consumers are expected to decide among a various health plans. In most of the cases, consumers are not captivating on all of the behaviors expected of them. Consumers are expected to assume more duties for their lifestyles and behaviors (Legido-Quigley et al., 2013). They can also be active participants in the decision making process regarding the medical treatments. Moreover, it has been identified that consumers can be one of the best elements for improving functioning of the healthcare market place. The payment system: The payment system in the healthcare should be aligned in a way that equal value can be distributed among the patients. More focus will be given to the rural people in payment system through providing free of cost treatment. The proposed healthcare model should pay certain values and acknowledgment to improve and bring about renovation in the healthcare system. Firstly, the healthcare professionals should be provided with incentives and reimbursement. Secondly, the health outcomes should be improved and service provided should be cheap (Chow et al., 2012). The affected cost barriers should be removed. There is a need to construct and design the principles of the value-based bundled payments to treat patients with the specific medical condition, and it covers all the drugs, procedures, tests, and services. The advantage: The new healthcare model would be designed in such a way that it would benefit the patient by their service and high quality treatment. The new model would implement new robotic tools and technologies for providing better treatment (Berwick Hackbarth, 2012). The health professionals employed would be given proper training. The management team would be highly skilled in monitoring the discrepancies in the system. It will also provide the treatment to the patients after staying in home. Moreover, the healthcare system should work in collaboration with the government to get better funding and support. Criticism: The most significant criticism the opponents would be a matter related to insurance. The United States does not guarantee health coverage for any individual (Zimlichman et al., 2013). Thus, this can be a question raised. Moreover, the high cost of the treatment can be questioned by the critics regarding the medical treatments. Other criticism can be the treatment of the caregivers to the older patients. Sometimes, the caregivers couldnt provide proper care to the older patients during their hospital stay. Answering the criticisms: The competitors or the critics would have a lot of question-related to the medical facility and services. The answer to such questions would include that highly used technology, and diverse medical services would be the reason for the high cost (Burwell, 2015). The treatment requires the devotion of a lot of time and use of potential tools required an investment of huge money. Thus, the service is costly. The criticisms can be avoided through meetings and gatherings. The communication and sharing thoughts can minimize the problems, which will automatically lower down the criticism. It is estimated that U.S. spent more than $8,608 on healthcare per capita. The demands of the healthcare system are increasing on a daily basis. Now days, the healthcare systems are becoming more web oriented. This existed healthcare system in U.S. has certain problems. Therefore, it is estimated that, the newly designed healthcare system with above-mentioned changes can provide most advanced treatment to the patients. References: Berwick, D. M., Hackbarth, A. D. (2012). Eliminating waste in US health care.Jama,307(14), 1513-1516. Burwell, S. M. (2015). Setting value-based payment goalsHHS efforts to improve US health care.N Engl J Med,372(10), 897-899. Chow, F. C., Regan, S., Feske, S., Meigs, J. B., Grinspoon, S. K., Triant, V. A. (2012). Comparison of ischemic stroke incidence in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients in a US health care system.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999),60(4), 351. Dubberke, E. R., Olsen, M. A. (2012). Burden of Clostridium difficile on the healthcare system.Clinical infectious diseases,55(suppl 2), S88-S92. Legido-Quigley, H., Otero, L., la Parra, D., Alvarez-Dardet, C., Martin-Moreno, J. M., McKee, M. (2013). Will austerity cuts dismantle the Spanish healthcare system?.Bmj,346. Zimlichman, E., Henderson, D., Tamir, O., Franz, C., Song, P., Yamin, C. K., ... Bates, D. W. (2013). Health careassociated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system.JAMA internal medicine,173(22), 2039-2046.

A Jury Of Her Peers free essay sample

# 8221 ; Differences And Stereotypes Between Genders Essay, Research Paper Differences and Stereotypes Between Genders in: Susan Glaspell? s? A Jury of Her Peers? The Author Susan Glaspell shows an obvious stereotyped attitude by work forces towards adult females in her narrative, A Jury of Her Peers. This was most likely inclusive of the bulk male frame of believing many old ages ago, at the clip this incident in the narrative took topographic point. Graspell wrote the narrative in 1917, so we are certain that the scene dated back at least that far, perchance further. Though the female gender had come rather a long manner up to that point, there were still a big bulk of work forces and even adult females who still considered the female inferior to the male. The competency of the males and females in the narrative are unusually different and do non populate up to their stereotyped functions portrayed in this narrative. We will write a custom essay sample on A Jury Of Her Peers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the beginning of the narrative it starts out by demoing a difference between hubby and married woman. When Mrs. Hale joined the married woman of the Sheriff in the back place of the expecting roadster, she remembered her as non holding a strong voice. The narrative went on to explicate how if she did non look like a sheriffs married woman, the sheriff made up for it in the manner that he did in fact look like a sheriff and was a? heavy adult male with a large voice. ? ( 183 ) This is one contrast between females and males, doing a point that the male in this instance has the stronger voice. Another contrast between the competency of male and female that took topographic point in the beginning of this narrative was the fact that because the work forces were in conversation foremost, this now gave the adult females a right to strike up a conversation second. The females in the narrative show their competency in many ways. One manner is the fact that they are sympathetic and have a feeling of guilt for the accused, Minnie Wright, and show compunction for non sing Mrs. Wright before this incident took topographic point. One writer, CP Knerr, wrote a reappraisal on the Film every bit good as the narrative and the writer says? The two adult females both felt bad for Minnie and her quandary, populating with a adult male who seemed so difficult and cold. They felt sorry that they did non do an effort to see her, or to assist her with some of her work? . ( Film Review 1998 ) Another manner their competency is shown is the investigator like accomplishments that they portray while sitting in the kitchen, analysing and inquiring inquiries. The adult females themselves believed that they themselves were non happening any thing in the kitchen that would hold been of importance to work outing the slaying enigma. The statement made by Mrs. Hale, ? I d on? t see as at that place? s anything so unusual, our taking up our clip with small things while we? re waiting for them to acquire the evidence. ? ( 190 ) The most of import hint the adult females found, was the bird that had been killed by a wrung cervix. This was important grounds that pointed to Minnie Wright as being the liquidator. The two adult females chose to conceal the grounds for the interest of their neighbour, Minnie Wright. Mrs. Hale realized that Minnie most like ly looked upon the bird as a comrade and this bird someway filled a nothingness for her. When the hubby killed this comrade, Minnie was likely driven to an border of insanity and took her husbands life the manner that he had taken the life of the bird. Jean Preddy writes in her essay? Mrs. Wright was herself a bird in a cage† . To kill the bird was to kill the last leftover of Minnie Foster? . ( Cagey Devicess Essay 1999 ) The competency of the males in the narrative are rather different compared to the competency of the adult females in the narrative. The work forces do non demo understanding for Minnie Wright in any manner. They do rather the antonym, by doing merriment of her. Mrs. Wright was disquieted that her conserves would split due to the cold conditions. The sheriff made merriment of Mrs. Wright by stating, ? can you crush that adult female, held for slaying and worrying about her conserves? . ( 186 ) The Men were non interested in the? trifles? in the kitchen, they chose to look into and seek for grounds in the sleeping room where the slaying really took topographic point and so in the barn. The lawyer asked the Sheriff if there was anything in the kitchen that would indicate to a motivation, the sheriff replied by stating? Nothing here but kitchen things. ? ( 186 ) The work forces have such a high self-competence about themselves that they find it instead humourous to do merriment of the ad ult females. For illustration, when the work forces over hear the adult females speaking about Mrs. Wright patching a comforter and seeking to make up ones mind whether she would cognize it or quilt it, the sheriff repeats the adult females? s remark and all three of so laugh out loud. It is a spot interesting in the fact that the work forces are doing merriment of one of the hints that the adult females had come across and neither group even realizes this. The stereotyped functions of the adult females are the fact that they are merely the married womans of the alleged of import male characters in the narrative and are merely along for the intent to acquire a few points for Minnie Wright. They are fundamentally merely to sit in the kitchen and remain out of the manner of the work forces so they can seek for hints and acquire to the underside of the slaying. This is non, nevertheless, how it really turns out. It is the adult females who in fact do happen all of the hints and do stop up work outing the slaying on their ain, without even recognizing it until the last hint, the dead fink, is found. The function of the work forces was stereotyped in such a manner, that they were the macho, of import group in this and they would be the 1s who would acquire the needful grounds and work out the slaying enigma, while the meek and mild married womans stand by and delay. They made merriment of the adult females clip and clip once more and genuine ly believed that the adult females would non hold known a hint if they saw one. With the stoping of the narrative and the work forces non able to happen grounds to shut the instance, the work forces did non populate up to the stereotype of their function. In this short narrative the competency of the males and the females were about the complete antonym and neither group fit into their stereotyped function, therefore doing this a really interesting narrative with the manner the functions switched about.

Reflection in the water essays

Reflection in the water essays As I lay the dock the sky is free of clouds and pollution as if it were a blue sheet covering the sky. Sun shining on the tips of the mountains as it sets. Pine trees and fields cover the mountains that surround me. I put my hand down on the mirror like surface and feel the warmth. Hearing a fish jump I look to see the tiny waves of water working there way outward in perfect circles. The dampness is like a swamp cooler blasting in the middle of summer, occasionally interrupted by the smell of fires from the people that come to camp here in the summer. I remember waking up early to go fishing with my dad in our rickety old boat that reeked of dead fish. I remember walking along the razor like jagged rocks with my brother; my dogs would shake water on us after their swim. I can still see the reflection of the beautifully colored fireworks, during Little Valley Days. The strong gas-burning aroma from the exhaust of the boat reminds me of endless days spent wakeboarding. The throbbing pain of headaches from wiping out was only intensified by the music piercing my ears; it would blast from the boat speakers as if there were a concert going on right behind me. I remember the warm sun beating down on my body as I lay on the back of the boat, as it is now as I lay on the dock. Tiny droplets of salt water running down my side, making me stick to the warn cracked vinyl that covered the boat seats. The lake to me is like a big brother; it will always be there. Sun setting to the west, orange, yellow, pink, and red reflect in the water, as do I. I dont know where or what heaven is but I know that I live near a piece of it. ...

Roles and Function of the Texas Legislature Term Paper

Roles and Function of the Texas Legislature - Term Paper Example The constitution divides the United States’ Congress into the Senate and the House of Representatives. Of the 435 seats in the House of Representatives, the Texas State has 36 representatives for each district (Agnew, 2008). Every state is apportioned a number of seats in the House depending on the state’s population proportion in the country (Agnew, 2008). Reapportionment occurs every ten years following a census. The reapportionment involves deciding which districts within the state get to have representative members of Congress following a decennial census (Agnew, 2008). The process also involves redistricting which involves redrawing of the district lines in the respective state to serve a two-year term. The Texas legislature passes reapportionment bills, which amend the state apportioned counties to both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The state’s legislature also lines up representatives for the Senate.Through the appointment of representatives to the U.S Congress, the Texas Legislature helps to represent the political agenda of the state in Congress. The representatives in the both the Senate and the House of Representatives have voting power on all matters of the Constitution. It is their function to ensure they represent the views of their constituents in Congress. The Texas legislature also helps shape the political landscape of the entire nation. Members of both the Senate and House of Representative vote on certain constitutional issues.

Issue of our times Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issue of our times - Essay Example Additionally, most landmines are cheap to construct and deploy right on the ground. The victim might not have any information regarding the existence of mines on the ground and so he or she might trigger it. According to Chevrier (134), the number of deaths caused by landmines is more as compared to statistics of deaths by other arms. The author argues that the combinations of statistics of deaths caused by biological, nuclear and chemical weapons are less compared to deaths as a result of landmines. Additionally, a research by the U.S. department reveals that close to 110 million landmines are deployed in 64 countries. As pointed out above, landmines pose a great danger to the society, and it also affects the economy of the country. The risks associated such as deaths and mutilation of the victims causes a lot of fear to the society. In this senses, large tracks of lands that could have been exploited for agricultural proposes remains unused. In addition, development projects such as road and dam constructions are halted by lands mine. The results can be devastating to the economy because agricultural farms and accessible roads provide jobs to a significant number of people. For example, Matthew et al. (196) point out that close to 8.49% of the Libyan land has been rendered useless because of a large number of landmines deployed in the land. Furthermore, funds that could have been invested somewhere to improve the economy will have to be use for the humanitarian purpose. Matthew et al. (196) explains that the problem caused by landmines differ from one state to another. Some countries could be hav ing large number of landmines, but their problem could be small. The point is that, setback of landmines is based on the square kilometer of arable land that could have been used to grow crops. Landmines could also be fixed in locations reserved for social amenities such as hospitals, bridge, water towers, sewage treatment plants, schools and

A reflective paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A reflective paper - Essay Example One day, as I was checking my emails, I saw an email titled â€Å"Congratulations! You won the Lottery Competition.† I quickly tried to think which lottery had I applied in that I might have won, but nothing came to my mind. I opened the email, and it said that I had been randomly chosen by a company through my email address for a lottery with a prize worth $10,00,000 few months ago, and that in the latest lucky draw, my email was the one that was picked for the first prize from among hundreds of thousands of email addresses. My adrenaline level increased and I could feel sparks flash down by spine. Just by the mere thought of becoming a million dollar richer overnight, I was having goose-bumps. My stomach was lurching with excitement and I almost screamed. My sister playing at a distance of a few yards came running towards me and asked what had happened. I said, â€Å"Anna, I won the lottery!† She asked me to show her the email and I did. She also got very excited but I’m sure a bit jealous too. The next thing I did was read the email in detail so as to know how to get to the money. The email showed the complete procedure. It required me to give them my name, my identity card number, my bank account number, my citizenship, my country and such other details. I wondered why somebody might need so many details to transfer the money to my bank account. Principally, the bank account number should have sufficed. I kept reading further to find that the company also required a down-payment of $100 from me first as a processing fee. I thought what to do. The opportunity was too big to forget but depositing $100 was not easy either as I didn’t have any money as I did not do any job at that time. I replied to the email asking them to deduct $100 from my prize money and send me the balance, but the next day I got their response saying that the company’s law did not allow that. I decided to consult my parents and friends. When I did, they told me to beware and

Experiment to Determine the Coefficient of Friction

Experiment to Determine the Coefficient of Friction Student Name: Ahmad Raza Summary: This experiment has two aims. The first aim of this experiment is to determine the coefficient of friction on an inclined plane by using various materials tray. Secondly, to verify that the force have already found which were required to move a body on an inclined plane. We have provided apparatus to do this experiment that include stainless steel plane, load hanger, different weights and 4 trays of different materials such as aluminium, brass, nylon and ferado. Firstly, we place tray at the middle of plane and apply weight on weight hanger until tray starts to move. Note the angle and find the coefficient of friction. For this purpose we have found the Normal force and sliding. Then, by using formula of coefficient of friction we found the value, which was approximately 0.18 at 10Â °, 20Â ° and 30Â °. Nevertheless, the additional 10N weight was added but the friction coefficient but the angle will remain same. The experiment was taken by under good circumstances. However, errors can be reduce by overlapping the mistake that was take place in this experiment. This experiment could be done exactly the same as international standard if the following conditions apply on it. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AIMS AND OBJECTIVE The aims of the friction experiment are to find the coefficient of different combination of material which is in this experiment, the steel bar. Making use of inclined plane, also to study equilibrium and non-equilibrium of a body of an incline plane under the action of the force. The objective is to understand that a coefficient of friction could be determine via incline plane, collect experiment data and calculate the corresponding results and coefficient and finally to compare the value of coefficient generated from different pairs of surface. 1.2: THEORY AND BACKGROUND: Friction can be defined as the force that will resists the relative motion of solid surfaces which are sliding against each other. There are mainly three types of friction. Dry friction, Fluid friction and internal friction but this particular experiment was just examined only for dry friction. Dry friction is the encountered when two dry surfaces are in convention if there is a tendency of sliding. However this dry friction has split into two sub frictions as static and kinetic. Commonly, kinetic frictional force will be less than the absolute maximum value from the static frictional force. This static frictional force is derived as fs = ÃŽ ¼sN, while kinetic frictional force is fk =ÃŽ ¼kN, where ÃŽ ¼s is the coefficient of static friction, ÃŽ ¼k is the coefficient of kinetic friction, N is the normal force and ÃŽ ¼ is the proportionality constant and called coefficient of friction. An inclined plane can be defined as any plane surface positioned at an angle with respect to the horizontal plane. At the moment of sliding, the friction force must be the same to the element of weight acting down the plane. ÃŽ ¼W .cosÃŽ ¸ =W .sinÃŽ ¸ This leads to the concept of the angle of the friction ÃŽ ¼ = tanÃŽ ¸ CHAPTER 2 APPRATUS AND experimental procedure 2.1: APPRATUS: Adjustable stainless steel plane complete with base .5N load hanger Weights Trays of Aluminium, Brass, Nylon and Ferado Fig1.1: Wood plane and trays 2.2: experimental procedure: As we discussed above, we have two aims for this experiment. Each aim has different procedure. 2.2.1: Following procedure is to find the angle of friction on a steel plane by using different materials. We have given four trays for this experiment such as Aluminium, Brass, Nylon and Ferado. First of all set the plane of stainless steel at 0 slope by ensuring that it is in horizontal plane. Afterward, set the tray of any material at the middle of stainless steel plane then apply weight at the end of plane by weight hanger and note the angle of inclination when tray starts to slide. Take coefficient of Tan ÃŽ ¸ to evaluate static deflection (ÃŽ ¼s).Repeat the same procedure three times and take the average. Subsequently, to evaluate the angle of sliding friction (ÃŽ ¼k) , place the tray again in the middle of plane and reduce the tilt as this time tilt was increased, we keep pushing the tray till it started to move and note the angle for three times and take the average. Static deflection (ÃŽ ¼s) Measure angle ÃŽ ¸ for static deflection by using Aluminium tray Table 1.1: Aluminium tray Measure angle ÃŽ ¸ for static deflection by using Brass tray Table 1.2: Brass tray Measure angle ÃŽ ¸ for static deflection by using Nylon tray Table 1.3: Nylon tray Measure angle ÃŽ ¸ for static deflection by using Ferado tray Table 1.4: Ferado tray Sliding Friction (ÃŽ ¼k) Measure angle ÃŽ ¸ for sliding friction by using Aluminium tray Table 2.1: Aluminium tray Measure angle ÃŽ ¸ for sliding friction by using Brass tray Table 2.2: Brass tray Measure angle ÃŽ ¸ for sliding friction by using Nylon tray Table 2.3: Nylon tray Measure angle ÃŽ ¸ for sliding friction by using Ferado tray Table 2.4: Ferado tray 2.2.2: Following procedure is to verify the force required parallel to an inclined plane to move a body up the plane corresponds to the friction coefficient already found. First of all set the stainless steel plane horizontally at 10 slope. Place the towing cord and weight hanger in position to pull the tray up to the plane by placing any material tray at the lower end of plane. Add load to the hanger until the tray, given a slide push, slides slowly up the plane. Repeat the same procedure by applying 10N weight at angle 20 and 30. CHAPTER 3 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS 3.1: Procedure 1 As we found angle above, now to find coefficient of static deflection, take tan ÃŽ ¸. For Aluminium (Tan15.8) = 0.28 For Brass (Tan14) = 0.25 For Nylon (Tan20) = 0.36 For Ferado (Tan18.8) = 0.34 Table 3.1: Coefficient of static deflection As we found angle above, now to find the coefficient of sliding friction, take tan ÃŽ ¸. For Aluminium (Tan10.8) = 0.19 For Brass (Tan15.1) = 0.27 For Nylon (Tan12.3) = 0.22 For Ferado (Tan13.7) = 0.24 Table 3.1: Coefficient of sliding friction Procedure 2: First of all find the normal force Normal Force = W.cosÃŽ ¸ Normal Force = 3.58.cos10Â ° Normal Force = 3.52 N Secondly find the Sliding force Sliding Force = p-(W.sinÃŽ ¸) Sliding Force = 1.2-(3.58.sin10Â °) Sliding Force = 0.58 N Now as we have both normal and sliding force, we can find Friction Coefficient ÃŽ ¼ Friction Coefficient = Sliding force / Normal force Friction Coefficient = 0.58 / 3.52 Friction Coefficient = 0.16 All the values were measured for angle 20Â ° and 30Â ° as shown in the table below. Table 4.1: Nevertheless, the additional 10N weight were added but the friction coefficient and angle will remain same as shown above in the table which proves that weight cannot change the angle and coefficient of friction. By converting mass of the tray into weight we can prove the experiment. W = mg W = 0.365*9.81 W = 3.58 N CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION Subsequently investigation in the data, we all observed that hypothesis is true, where the static along with kinetic friction is usually affected by the mass of body. The coefficient in the kinetic along with static friction is determined by materials used for each call surfaces. The coefficients will never always be bigger than 1 and the coefficient connected with kinetic friction is definitely more compact as opposed to among static friction for that identical scenario. The value of coefficient of friction is 0.18.The laboratory on the other hand, we all would come up with a vibrant mistake thats produced each of our kinetic friction importance unfeasible, as the importance for we all received ended up being caused by the tension pulling on the block. However, there were some systematic error occur while doing experiment. These errors were arisen due to string and hanger as they were not straight and each group member have different value while taking reading. CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION The experiment was taken under good circumstances. However, errors can be reduce by overlapping the mistake that was take place in this experiment. This experiment could be done exactly the same as international standard if the following conditions apply on it. First of all make sure that the hanging masses do not move while adding additional weight on load hanger. This experiment will be really useful in the future to determine the coefficient of friction for different materials. REFERENCE: John, B Carl,T.F.T.F. Ross (2002).Mechanical Engineering Principles. Oxford: Taylor Francis. APPENDIX A CHAPTER 1.. CHAPTER 2.. CHPATER 3.. CHAPTER 4. Page 1 of 11

International Relations Essays -- Literary Analysis, Realism, Neo-Real

The first paradigm of international relations is the theory of Realism. Realism is focused on ideas of self-interest and the balance of power. Realism is also divided into two categories, classical realism and neo-realism. Famous political theorist, Hans Morgenthau was a classical realist who believed that national interest was based on three elements, balance of power, military force, and self interest (Kleinberg 2010, 32). He uses four levels of analysis to evaluate the power of a state. The first is that power and influence are not always the same thing. Influence means the ability to affect the decision of those who have the power to control outcomes and power is the ability to determine outcomes. An example of influence and power would be the UN’s ability to influence the actions of states within the UN but the state itself has the power to determine how they act. Morgenthau goes on to his next level of analysis in which he explains the difference in force and power in t he international realm. Force is physical violence, the use of military power but power is so much more than that. A powerful state can control the actions of another state with the threat of force but not actually need to physical force. He believed that the ability to have power over another state simply with the threat of force was likely to be the most important element in analysis the power of as state (Kleinberg 2010, 33-34). Morgenthau goes onto his third method of analysis which is reviewing a state’s usable and unusable power. The most popular example of this is the possession of nuclear weaponry. Nuclear capabilities and that threat of their use is a form of useable power for states like the US and Russia but not for states with underdeveloped nu... ...th 2001). Roth argues that the concept of international jurisdiction is not a new idea but was exercised by the US government in the 1970 after an aircraft hijacking. Also the war crime courts established after the end of World War II exercised international jurisdiction. In fact the Geneva Convention states that is a person regardless of their nationality should be brought before the court of any state in which that person has committed grave breaches of law and convention. Roth states that the concept of international jurisdiction is not a new one but that only in recent years have states been willing to act on universal jurisdiction and go after criminals of the international community regardless of their stating or power within the international community. Roth believes in the ability and authority of international organizations and institutions (Roth 2001). International Relations Essays -- Literary Analysis, Realism, Neo-Real The first paradigm of international relations is the theory of Realism. Realism is focused on ideas of self-interest and the balance of power. Realism is also divided into two categories, classical realism and neo-realism. Famous political theorist, Hans Morgenthau was a classical realist who believed that national interest was based on three elements, balance of power, military force, and self interest (Kleinberg 2010, 32). He uses four levels of analysis to evaluate the power of a state. The first is that power and influence are not always the same thing. Influence means the ability to affect the decision of those who have the power to control outcomes and power is the ability to determine outcomes. An example of influence and power would be the UN’s ability to influence the actions of states within the UN but the state itself has the power to determine how they act. Morgenthau goes on to his next level of analysis in which he explains the difference in force and power in t he international realm. Force is physical violence, the use of military power but power is so much more than that. A powerful state can control the actions of another state with the threat of force but not actually need to physical force. He believed that the ability to have power over another state simply with the threat of force was likely to be the most important element in analysis the power of as state (Kleinberg 2010, 33-34). Morgenthau goes onto his third method of analysis which is reviewing a state’s usable and unusable power. The most popular example of this is the possession of nuclear weaponry. Nuclear capabilities and that threat of their use is a form of useable power for states like the US and Russia but not for states with underdeveloped nu... ...th 2001). Roth argues that the concept of international jurisdiction is not a new idea but was exercised by the US government in the 1970 after an aircraft hijacking. Also the war crime courts established after the end of World War II exercised international jurisdiction. In fact the Geneva Convention states that is a person regardless of their nationality should be brought before the court of any state in which that person has committed grave breaches of law and convention. Roth states that the concept of international jurisdiction is not a new one but that only in recent years have states been willing to act on universal jurisdiction and go after criminals of the international community regardless of their stating or power within the international community. Roth believes in the ability and authority of international organizations and institutions (Roth 2001).

Leadership -Its Importance for Today’s Organization

Managing a flourishing business or strengthening the health of an already reputable business needs fit, continuing leadership and management, marketing and financial management, and planning, product and service development. (Barbara Kellerman, Jeffrey Z. Rubin, 1988) Definition of â€Å"Leadership† and Differences with Respect to â€Å"Management† Leading is influencing someone in some means. The majority people will have the same opinion on at least this much of some perfect definition for the term. There are several, further aspects to this statement that could be explored; however this simple definition may be sufficient to go forward. (Robert A. Corrigan, 2002) A â€Å"leader† is a name who is leading — maybe. A number of writers make use of the term â€Å"leader† as based on the formal role in an organization. Other writers talk about a â€Å"leader† as someone who is showing character of leading. Though, many writers would oppose that a CEO is always a leader. For instance, if an organization is floundering badly with little or no direction, possibly the CEO is not efficiently leading the organization and, consequently, is in fact not a leader. It is bsed on one's use of the word â€Å"leader†. Nearly everyone would have the same opinion that the term â€Å"Leadership† refers to the capability to lead. Many writers use the word â€Å"leadership† to refer to a person who shows traits of leading. Though, many writers as well use the term to denote the executive level of an organization. Conventionally the term â€Å"management† is portrayed as the functions of planning, organizing, leading as well as controlling activities in an organization. â€Å"Managing† is elucidated as carrying out these activities. Courses in management frequently teach from this point of view. Some writers pursue this view and think that the activity of leading is however one facet of management. Other writers differ and state that â€Å"managing† is planning, organizing and controlling and that â€Å"leading† is a definitely separate activity that first and foremost involves influencing people. An old saying that follows from this last view is â€Å"Leaders do the right things. Managers do things right†. One more saying is â€Å"Leaders lead people, managers manage things†. Other writers would even oppose with this view, still. They would emphasize that, even though a person happens to be carrying out activities that persuade others, if he or she does not hold an official role in the organization with the designation of â€Å"manager†, then he or she is not a â€Å"leader†. Leading is an extremely human activity. All of us are human. Consequently the majority of us can present a lot of advice regarding what a good leader should do. We want them to change themselves and their organizations, at the same time making sure that all of us have jobs. We put forward that leaders construct teams, yet focus on employees. They must develop clarity, yet embrace change and confusion. In the meantime, certainly, no matter how much a person thinks that leading is separate from managing, every leader has to operate within definite budget limit. Executive-level leaders hear from board members and others in the organization that the top precedence is strong financial management. The effort to take risks at the same time as managing cash flow can be devastating. As a result, it can turn out to be quite confusing for these leaders to glean a consistent message from all of the continuing advice. (The Washington Times, 2005). The Importance of Leadership to Effective Strategy Development and Implementation Strategic planning finds out where an organization is going over the next year or more, how it is going to get there also how it'll know if it got there or not. The focus of a strategic plan is generally on the whole organization. They find out direction. They move organizations from where they are to where they have to be. Leaders make things come about. They form the culture. They make use of the management tools. Leaders are ground-breaking. They face truth and rally appropriate resources. They give confidence others to do the same. (Gilbert W. Fairholm, 1998) Employee Perceptions of What Constitutes Effective Leadership Note: Great question for survey It is a tough job to run a group of people where authority has to be earned. Only some people do it effectively, for the reason that it demands an unusual amalgamation of attributes. A belief in oneself is the merely thing that gives an individual the poise to step into the unknown and to influence others to go where no one has gone before, however this has to be combined with a well-mannered doubt, the humbleness to accept that one can be mistaken on occasion, that others as well have ideas, that listening is as vital as talking. A fervor for the job offers the energy and focus that drive the organization and that act as an instance to others, however this as well has to be combined with its opposite, an awareness of other worlds, for the reason that focus can turn to blinkers, an incapability to think beyond one's own box. Great leaders manage time to read, to convene people beyond their own circle, to walk in other worlds. The leader should have a love of people, as in a community of individuals, those who discover individuals a pain and an irritation may be respected or feared, however they will not be keenly followed. (Nelson Fabian, 2004)  Thus far this attribute, too, needs its opposite, a capability for aloneness, for the reason that leaders have to be out front. It is not always probable to share one's uncertainties with anyone else. Only some will thank the leader when things go right, however several will blame the leader if things go wrong. Great leaders have to walk alone now and then. They as well have to live vicariously, obtaining their satisfaction from the victories of others and giving those others the gratitude that they themselves are often denied. Living with these inconsistencies needs great strength of character. It as well needs a belief in what one is doing. Money only will not be sufficient to offer the reason to live with these contradictions. Even a love of power is inadequate, as power irons out the contradictions somewhat than holding them in balance. Great leaders are raised from great causes, however leaders at their best, too raised great causes. Unhappily, for want of a cause, we also frequently create a crisis, which is not the similar thing at all. Until and unless business makes a cause bigger and more espousal than enhancement of the shareholders, it will have only some great leaders. We are more probable to find them in the nonprofit ground. If that is so, in that case that sector may yet turn out to be the training ground for business and conceivably even for politics. (Kathleen Zimmerman-Oster, John C. Burkhardt, 1999) Characteristics of Effective Leaders Introduced with humor and humility, and characteristically tending to treat individuals in their organizations in the same way, with no smiling up as well as kicking down. Self-aware, and sincere with themselves as to their own strengths, weaknesses, and honest hard work to improve. Curious and friendly enough in order that others feel safe offering honest comment and innovative ideas. Unprejudiced and capable of esteeming their competitors or adversaries also learning from them, in both leadership circumstances and general business conditions. Action leaning which surfaces not as a wish to move for movement's sake however to move straightforwardly toward a clear objective with a persistent follow-through. Leaders who can flash the mind's eye with a convincing vision of a valuable end that stretches us beyond what is known at present, and who can interpret that to clear objectives, are the ones we go after. Flourishing business leaders build up goals to attain their vision. Their promise to the goals, and consequently to the vision, is made clear by both their actions as well as their frequent communication of what have to be done, and why. With apparent objectives in mind, the issue then turns out to be what a leader will do, how he or she will act at the same time as working with and through people in chase of the end goal. Even though leaders have to become accustomed to a specific and ever-changing set of circumstances, the most successful leaders show a common set of behaviors. Leaders share one more attribute that is vital for success: self-confidence. Sharply differentiated from arrogance or self-centeredness, a healthy level of self-confidence allows the leader to carry out the difficult ventures essential to meet his or her objectives. (Joy Bennett Kinnon, 2005) How Can One Develop Leadership Skills Required for Today's Rapidly Changing Environment? Leadership development is an attempt that improves the learner's capability to lead people. Leading is setting path and directing others to pursue that direction. The first place to start learning regarding leadership is to get some sense of what leadership is — particularly, know get an impression of the areas of knowledge as well as skills suggested for efficient leadership in organizations. In fact effective leaders in the years ahead will have persons resolute by strong values and conviction in the capacity of individuals to grow. They will have a picture of the society where they would like their organizations plus themselves to live. They will be creative thinker, they will believe sturdily that they can and must be shaping the future, and they will be active on that viewpoint through their personal behavior. In the future the genuine center competence of companies will be the capability to incessantly and imaginatively obliterate and remake them to meet customer demands. Everybody in the organization have to take accountability for taking responsive actions. This means that a company requests leadership all over the place in the organization. Thus leadership is the capability to see reality as it actually is and to mobilize the suitable response. Summary All of the different suggestions regarding good leadership can sound very tempting, for example; to have clear vision, embrace transform, lead from doctrine, be a servant to your people, nurture community, focus on the future, and all that. (Anthony B. Robinson, 1999) Conclusion We live and work in a enthralling, however fearful time. Augmented competition is forcing organizations to put into practice customer-driven strategies where industry-driven policies worked before. To be more adjustable, organizations are decentralizing. Organizations are changing, reinventing as well as reengineering. Consequently, there is frequently a great deal of pain in organizations. References: Anthony B. Robinson, 1999. Leadership That Matters; The Christian Century, Vol. 116, December 15 Barbara Kellerman, Jeffrey Z. Rubin, 1988. Leadership and Negotiation in the Middle East; Praeger Publishers Gilbert W. Fairholm, 1998. Perspectives on Leadership: From the Science of Management to Its Spiritual Heart; Quorum Books Joy Bennett Kinnon, 2005. What's Behind the Biggest Upheaval Ever in Black Leadership? Magazine article; Ebony, Vol. 60, April Kathleen Zimmerman-Oster, John C. Burkhardt, 1999. Leadership in the Making: A Comprehensive Examination of the Impact of Leadership Development Programs on Students; Journal of Leadership Studies Nelson Fabian, 2004. Leadership-What Is It and Are You Headed for It?; Journal of Environmental Health, Vol. 67 Robert A. Corrigan, 2002. Presidential Leadership: Moral Leadership in the New Millennium; Liberal Education, Vol. 88 The Washington Times, 2005. What Ails FEMA? Lack of Effective Leadership Newspaper article; September 13

Terrorist Attacks 911 Essay Example

Terrorist Attacks 911 Essay Example Terrorist Attacks 911 Essay Terrorist Attacks 911 Essay The September 11 attacks were a series of suicide attacks by Al-Qaeda upon the United States. On the morning of the attacks 19 of Al-Qaeda’s terrorists hijacked four jet airliners. The hijackers then crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, killing everyone on board and many of those who were working in the buildings. Both of the buildings collapsed within two hours of the collisions. Because of the collapse nearby buildings were damaged, even destroyed. The hijackers crashed the third airplane into the Pentagon which is located in Arlington, Virginia. The fourth plane was crashed into a field near Shanksville in Pennsylvania after some of its passengers attempted to retake control of the plane. Unfortunately there were no survivors from any of the flights. Among the 2752 victims who died in the attacks on the World Trade Center were 343 firefighters and 60 police officers from New York City. Over one hundred people were killed in the attacks on the Pentagon. The majority of casualties were civilians, including nationals of over seventy countries. There was also at least one secondary death; one person was examined to have died from lung disease due to the dust from the collapsed World Trade Center. The United States responded to the attacks by launching the â€Å"War on Terror†. Invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban. Many other countries also strengthened their anti-terrorism by expanding law enforcement powers. Some American stock exchanges stayed closed for the rest of the week following the attacks, and posted enormous losses when reopening. Especially in the airline industries. The destruction of billions of dollars worth caused serious damage to the economy of Lower Manhattan.

ZOO (menagerie) Essays

ZOO (menagerie) Essays ZOO (menagerie) Essay ZOO (menagerie) Essay and the Bronx in New York, which opened in 1891 and 1899 respectively. Relatively new terms for zoos coined in the late 20th century are conservation park or biopark. Adopting a new name is a strategy used by some zoo professionals to distance their institutions from the stereotypical and nowadays criticized zoo concept of the 19th century. The term biopark was first coined and developed by the National Zoo in Washington D. C. in the late 1980s. In 1993, theNew York Zoological Society changed its name to the Wildlife Conservation Society and rebranded the zoos under its Jurisdiction as wildlife conservation parks. HistoryFurther information: Menagerie Ancient world The predecessor of the zoological garden is the menagerie, which has a long history from the ancient world to modern times. The oldest known zoological collection was revealed during excavations at Hierakonpolis, Egypt in 2009, of a ca. 3500 B. C. menagerie. The exotic animals included hippos, hartebeest, elephants, baboons and wildcats. King Ashur-bel-kala of the Middle Assyrian Empire created Zoological and Botanical Gardens in the 1 lth Century BC. In the 2nd century BCE, the Chinese Empress Tanki had a house of deer built, and King Wen of Zhou kept a 1,500-acre (6. 1 km2) zoo called Ling-Yu, or the Garden of Intelligence. Other well-known collectors of animals included King Solomon of the Kingdom of Israel and Judah, queen Semiramis and king Ashurbanipal of Assyria, and KingNebuchadnezzar of Babylonia. By the 4th century BCE, zoos existed in most of the Greek city states; Alexander the Great is known to have sent animals that he found on his military expeditions back to Greece. The Roman emperors kept private collections of animals for study or for use in the arena, the latter faring notoriously in 366 BCE: At one time, a bear and a bull, chained together, rolled in fierce combat across the sand Four hundred bears were killed in a single day under Caligula Under Nero, four hundred tigers fought with bulls and elephants. In a single day, at the dedication of the Colosseum by Titus, five thousand animals perished. Under Trajan lions, tigers, elephants, rhinoceroses, hippopotami, giraffes, bulls, stags, even crocodiles and serpents were employed to give novelty to the spectacle Medieval England Henry I of England kept a collection of animals at his palace in Woodstock, which reportedly included lions, leopards, and camels. The most prominent collection in medieval England was in the Tower of London, created as early as 1204 by King John l. Henry Illreceived a wedding gift in 1235 of three leopards from Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and in 1264, the animals were moved to the Bulwark, renamed the Lion Tower, near the main western entrance of the Tower. It was opened to the public during the reign ofElizabeth I in the 16th century. During the 18th century, the price of admission was three half-pence, or the supply of a cat or dog for feeding to the lions. The animals were moved to the London Zoo when it opened. 16th century onwards[ The oldest zoo in the world still in existence is the Tiergarten Sch? ¶nbrunn in Vienna, Austria. It was constructed by Adrian van Stekhoven in 1752 at the order of the Holy Roman Emperor Francis l, husband of Maria Theresa of Austria, to serve as an imperial menagerie as part of Sch? ¶nbrunn Palace. The menagerie was initially reserved for the viewing pleasure of the imperial family and the court, but was made accessible to the public in 1765. In 1775, a zoo was founded in Madrid, and in 1795, the zoo inside the Jardin des Plantes in Paris was founded by Jacques-Henri Bernardin, with animals from the royal menagerie at Versailles, primarily for scientific research and education. The Kazan Zoo, the first zoo in Russia was founded in 1806 by the Professor of Kazan State University Karl Fuchs. The Zoological Society of London, founded in 1826 by Stamford Raffles, adopted the idea of the Paris zoo when they established the London Zoo in Regents Park in 1828, which opened to paying visitors in 1847. Dublin Zoo was opened in 1831 by members of the medical profession interested in studying animals while they were alive and more particularly getting hold of them when they were dead. Germanys first zoo opened in 1844 the Berlin Zoological Garden. The first zoological garden in Australia was Melbourne Zoo in 1860. In the same year, Central Park Zoo, the first public zoo in the United States, opened in New York, although in 1859, the Philadelphia Zoological Society had made an effort to establish a zoo, but delayed opening it until 1874 because of the American Civil War. The zoo in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India is one of the oldest in the country, and was established as an adjunct to the Museum in 1857 by the erstwhile Maharaja of Travancore in order to attract more visitors. Lahore Zoo in Lahore, Pakistan was established in 1872 by a local philanthropist Lal Mahundra Ram and Lahore Municipal Corporation. In 1907, the German entrepreneur Carl Hagenbeck founded the Tierpark Hagenbeck in Stellingen, now a quarter of Hamburg. It is known for being the first zoo to use open enclosures surrounded by moats, rather than barred cages, to better approximate animals natural few zoos began to consider making conservation their central role, with Gerald Durrell of the Jersey Zoo, George Rabb of Brookfield Zoo, and William Conway of the Bronx Zoo (Wildlife Conservation Society) leading the discussion. From then on, zoo professionals became increasingly aware of the need to engage themselves in onservation programs, and the American Zoo Associationsoon said that conservation was its highest priority. Because they wanted to stress conservation issues, many large zoos stopped the practice of having animals perform tricks for visitors. The Detroit Zoo, for example, stopped its elephant show in 1969, and its chimpanzee show in 1983, acknowledging that the trainers had probably abused the animals to get them to perform. Human exhibits Human beings were sometimes displayed in cages along with non-human animals, supposedly to illustrate the differences between people of European and non- European origin. In September 1906, William Hornaday, director of the Bronx Zoo in New York†with the agreement of Madison Grant, head of the New York Zoological Society†had Ota Benga, a Congolese pygmy, displayed in a cage with the chimpanzees, then with an orangutannamed Dohong, and a parrot. The exhibit was intended as an example of the missing link between the orangutan and white man. It triggered protests from the citys clergymen, but the public reportedly flocked to see it. Human beings were also displayed in cages during the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition, and as late as 1958 in a Congolese village display at Expo 58 in Brussels. Appearance and type[ Zoo animals usually live in enclosures that attempt to replicate their natural habitats, for the benefit of the animals and the visitors. They may have special buildings for nocturnalanimals, with dim white or red lighting used during the day, so the animals will be active when visitors are there, and brighter lights at night to help them sleep. Special climate conditions are created for animals living in radical environments, such as penguins. Special enclosures for birds, mammals, insects, reptiles, fish, and other aquatic life forms have also been developed. Some zoos have walk-through exhibits where visitors enter enclosures of non-aggressive species, such as lemurs, marmosets, birds, lizards, and turtles. Visitors are asked to keep to paths and avoid showing or eating foods that the animals might snatch. Open-range zoos Some zoos keep fewer animals in larger, outdoor enclosures, confining them with moats and fences, rather than in cages. Safari parks, also known as zoo parks and lion farms, allow visitors to drive through them and come in close contact with the animals. The first of this kind of zoo was Whipsnade Park in Bedfordshire, England, opened by the Zoological Society of London in 1931, and covering 600 acres (2. 4 km2). Since the early 1970s, a 1,800 acre (7 km2) park in the San Pasqual Valley near San Diego has featured the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, run by the Zoological Society of San Diego. One of two state-supported zoo parks in North Carolina is the 2,000-acre (8. 1 km2) North Carolina Zoo in Asheboro. The 500-acre (2. 0 km2) Werribee Public aquaria The first public aquarium was opened in London Zoo in 1853. This was followed by the opening of public aquaria in continental Europe (for example, Paris 1859, Hamburg 1864, Berlin 1869, Brighton 1872) and the United States (Boston 1859, Washington 1873, San Francisco Woodwards Garden 1873, New York Battery Park 1896). In 2005 the non-profit Georgia Aquarium with more than 8 million US gallons (30,000 m3; 30,000,000 litres) of marine and fresh water, and more than 100,000 animals of 500 different species opened inAtlanta, Georgia. The aquariums specimens include whale sharks and beluga whales. Roadside zoos Roadside zoos are found throughout North America, particularly in remote locations. They are small, unregulated, for-profit zoos, often intended to attract visitors to some ther facility, such as a gas station. The animals may be trained to perform tricks, and visitors are able to get closer to them than in larger zoos. Since they are sometimes less regulated, roadside zoos are often subject to accusations of neglect] and cruelty. Petting zoos A petting zoo, also called petting farms or childrens zoos, features a combination of domestic animals and wild species that are docile enough to touch and feed. To ensure the animals health, the food is supplied by the zoo, either from vending machines or a kiosk nearby. Animal theme parks An animal theme park is a combination of an amusement park and a zoo, mainly for entertaining and commercial purposes. Marine mammal parks such as Sea World and Marineland are more elaborate dolphinariums keeping whales, and containing additional entertainment attractions. Another kind of animal theme park contains more entertainment and amusement elements than the classical zoo, such as a stage shows, roller coasters, and mythical creatures. Some examples are Busch Gardens Tampa Bay in Tampa, Florida, Disneys Animal Kingdom in Orlando, Florida, Flamingo Land in North Yorkshire, England and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom inValleJo, California . Sources and care of animals When they arrive at a new zoo, animals usually spend time in quarantine, and are given time to acclimatize to their new enclosures which are often designed to mimic their natural environment. For example, some species of penguins may require refrigerated enclosures. Guidelines on necessary care for such animals is published in the International Zoo Yearbook. Conservation and research The position of most modern zoos in Australasia, Europe, and North America, particularly those with scientific societies, is that they display wild animals primarily or the conservationof endangered species, as well as for research purposes and education, and secondarily for the entertainment of visitors, an argument disputed by critics. The Zoological Society of London states in its charter that its aim is the advancement of Zoology and Animal Physiology and the introduction of new and curious subjects of the Animal Kingdom. It maintains two research institutes, the Nuffield Institute of Comparative Medicine and the Wellcome Institute of Comparative Physiology. In the U. S. , the Penrose Research Laboratory of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums produced its first conservation strategy in 1993, nd in November 2004, it adopted a new strategy that sets out the aims and mission of zoological gardens of the 21st century. The breeding of endangered species is coordinated by cooperative breeding programmes containing international studbooks and coordinators, who evaluate the roles of individual animals and institutions from a global or regional perspective, and there are regional programmes all over the world for the conservation of endangered species. Surplus animals In modern, well-regulated zoos breeding of stock is carefully controlled to maintain a self-sustaining global captive population. This is not the case in some less well- regulated zoos, often based in poorer regions. Eric Baratay and Elisabeth Hardouin- Fugier of the Universit? © Jean-Moulin, Lyon, say that the overall stock turnover of animals in a select group of poor zoos was one-fifth to one-fourth over the course of a year†with three-quarters of wild caught apes dying in captivity within the first twenty months. They say that before successful breeding programs, the high mortality rate is the reason for the massive scale of importations. The downside to breeding the animals in captivity is that over time, without additional genetic aterial from the wild, all the animals in captivity can become related. The San Jose Mercury News conducted a two-year study that suggested of the 19,361 certain species of mammals that left accredited zoos in the U. S. between 1992 and 1998, 7,420 (38 percent) went to dealers, auctions, hunting ranches, unaccredited zoos and individuals, and game farms. Condition of the animals The condition of the animals varies widely, predominantly in zoos in countries with little or no regulations. The majority of zoos continue to work to improve their animal enclosures, although constraints like size and expense make it difficult to create ideal aptive environments for some species, such as dolphins and whales. Some critics argue that animals that live in zoos are treated as voyeuristic objects rather than living creatures, and are often driven to insanity in the transition from being free and wild to incarcerated and dependent on humans for survival. A four- decade Oxford University study found that polar bears, lions, tigers, and cheetahs show the most evidence of stress in captivity. The life of elephants in a zoo is extremely different from their life in their natural habitat. There was an elephant named Maggie who lived in zoo in Alaska. She was forced to spend day on end in a small indoor enclosed area because the outside temperature was too frigid for her body to handle. It is incredibly difficult for zoo keepers to provide for the needs of animals like elephants because they usually travel around thirty miles a day and it is impossible to give them roaming space like that in a zoo. Captive animals often show signs of severe distress, people have witnessed elephants bobbing their heads, bears pacing, and wild cats obsessively grooming themselves. Being trapped like that can often cause an animal to suffer psychological problems along with physical roblems from not being in their natural habitat. Live feeding except in exceptional circumstances. However, in the Badaltearing Safari Park in China, zoo visitors can throw live goats into the lions enclosure and watch them being eaten, or can purchase live chickens tied to bamboo rods for the equivalent of 2 dollarseuros to dangle into lion pens. Visitors can drive through the lions compound on buses with specially designed chutes leading into the enclosure into which they can push live chickens. In the Xiongsen Bear and Tiger Mountain Village near Guilin in south-east China, live cows and pigs are thrown to tigers to amuse isitors. In the Qingdao zoo, visitors engage in tortoise baiting, where tortoises are kept inside small rooms with elastic bands round their necks, so that they are unable to retract their heads. Visitors then throw coins at them. The marketing claim is that if you hit one of them on the head and make a wish, it will be fulfilled. Regulation of United States In the United States, any public animal exhibit must be licensed and inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Drug Enforcement Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and others. Depending on the animals they exhibit, the activities of zoos are regulated by laws including the Endangered Species Act, theAnimal Welfare Act, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 and others. Additionally, zoos in North America may choose to pursue accreditation by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). To achieve accreditation, a zoo must pass an application and inspection process and meet or exceed the AZAs standards for animal health and welfare, fundraising, zoo staffing, and involvement in global conservation efforts. Inspection is performed by three experts (typically one veterinarian, one expert in nimal care, and one expert in zoo management and operations) and then reviewed by a panel of twelve experts before accreditation is awarded. This accreditation process is repeated once every five years. The AZA estimates that there are approximately 2,400 animal exhibits operating under USDA license as of February 2007; fewer than 10% are accredited. Europe In April 1999, the European Union introduced a directive to strengthen the conservation role of zoos, making it a statutory requirement that they participate in conservation and education, and requiring all member states to set up systems for heir licensing and inspection. Zoos are regulated in the UK by the Zoo Licensing Act of 1981, which came into force in 1984. A zoo is defined as any establishment where wild animals are kept for exhibition to which members of the public have access, with or without charge for admission, seven or more days in any period of twelve consecutive months, excluding circuses and pet shops. The Act requires that all zoos be inspected and licensed, and that animals kept in enclosures are provided with a suitable environment in which they can express most normal behavior.

International Trade Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Trade Operations - Essay Example Different countries enter into free trade agreements and there are different international trade organizations which support and promote free trade. Different school of thoughts have different perceptions and viewpoints about the free trade. According to one school of thought it is beneficial for overall growth and development of the different countries of the world. On the other hand, according to the second school of thought free trade is only beneficial for the developed and rich countries (Fridell, 2010). The supporters of the free trade are of the view point that it results in increasing competition and thus lower the prices. Apart from this, it results in increasing innovation and new products because of the competition. The domestic companies no more have monopoly in the market because of the government support like subsidies and quotas (Fridell, 2010). Fair trade means that the organizations indulge in trade by paying the legal and fair prices to the producers of the goods in different developing countries. The concept of fair trade is being promoted in order to make sure that all producers are paid the appropriate price for their hard work. Fair trade results in equity in international trade and works for the development of appropriate trading and working conditions in developing countries (Archer & Fritsch, 2010). The concept of fair trade generated from the fact that in some developing countries the working conditions are not appropriate and producers are ready to sell their products at low costs. This in turn results in damaging the working conditions more and benefits the organizations buying the products at low costs (Archer & Fritsch, 2010). For this purpose there are fair trade certifications. These certifications make sure that the products being traded are produced keep in consideration the standards and regulations regarding labor,

Technology makes communication easier in today's world. Many people Essay

Technology makes communication easier in today's world. Many people choose to work at home in front of a computer screen. What d - Essay Example However, there are number of adverse effects of this trend, though only visible in the long term. Less communication leading to isolation One would easily assume that working from home using computer helps reduce wastage of time on travel to and fro. However, it also means that people no longer interact with others in the community. In other words, when someone works from home using computer, he shrinks into his own private world and does not get any chance to interact with other people, even the people next door. In simple words, it leads to alienation of individuals in the society. As Kraut, Patterson, Lundmark et al (1998) state man is a social animal that requires constant socialization, the absence of which will lead to many physical and mental illnesses which are seem to be increasing in the present world. For example, the increasing levels of stress related problems are attributed directly to the modern working culture, and thus to the use of computer that restricts social int eraction (Kraut et al). This, in turn, will lead to problems like high blood pressure. These issues are accompanied by all those problems which are associated with sedentary jobs in general starting from obesity. In addition, computer can be termed an asocial means of communication. The normal way of communication people have is to spend more time with ones friends and family and less time with strangers. However, computer altered this concept totally. Now, people prefer to spend more time with strangers whom they meet on the net and less time their near and dear ones. In other words, the entertainment offered by computer is totally asocial in nature. Impact of telecommuting on family Family, as the basic unit of society, requires proper attention and is the sphere where telecommuting has the greatest impact. To begin with, it is a common concept that when one works from home, he would get more time to interact with his family, thus leading to an improvement in familial relations. A ccording to many, it also provides time flexibility. However, in practice, what is seen is quite contradictory in nature. People often tend to spend more time on work than their usual working hours thus reducing the time spent on social interactions. In addition, there is more possibility of their work spillover affecting their family relations and family situations can affect the quality of their work. In addition, working from home takes away the usual concepts of weekend holidays and other free times and thus, instead of helping the people have more freedom, it only adds to their tension as many a time, working independently involves more care and responsibility than working under supervision. Effect on the quality of work It is often found that telecommuting seriously affects the quality of work done by employees. There are various reasons behind this fall. First of all, the raw recruits are denied the chance to interact with the more experienced ones who might be happy sharing their work-related experiences over a cup of coffee. In the office culture, a junior may get a ridiculously simple solution for a jargon nagging him for many days from a senior who had such experiences in the past. In addition, for bosses, it provides a chance to give a warning to an employee who errs very often. In fact, work-related knowledge grows only

Asian Commercial Dominance Annotated Bibliography

Asian Commercial Dominance - Annotated Bibliography Example This is politically, socially and economically. Its dominance economically is represented by countries in this continent. Singapore, Indonesia, Japan, China, India and South Korea are some of the countries that contribute to its economic stability. It is the annual GDP from these countries that has enabled the continent to compete actively with Europe. Other countries like Mongolia, Pakistan, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand have also grown tremendously in the economic sector. All this coupled with the minerals in some of the Asian countries ensures that it expands economically. Minerals are found in abundance in Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia amongst others. This has enabled the economic exchange between this continent and many others (Levinson, p 34). The European continent has over the years held the helm in economic stability. It is ranked the highest in relation to current GDP. This position is threatened by the continued dominance of the Asian continent. Th e above mentioned countries have contributed in their own way to overall Asia’s economic dominance. China has grown steadily over the years to ensure that it is the second largest economic powerhouse in the world. It strongly competes with the nation of Japan. This is in relation to many manufacturing plants. Japan is a powerhouse for very many industrial companies all over the world. It is famous for worldwide brands that include Samsung, Toshiba, Sharp, Phillips, and LG amongst many others (Higham, p 45).

The Milestones and Major Developments in the Early Paleozoic Era Essay Example for Free

The Milestones and Major Developments in the Early Paleozoic Era Essay Understanding the diversity and complexity of life as observed in the current modern days may seem as difficult as defining life itself. The changes, developments, and evolution of the earth and the life forms it holds are all varied and sundry enough which makes it hard to understand without looking back to when, where, and how it all started. History, Geology, Paleontology, and many other branches of Science play a significant role in aiding people to better understand the roots and beginnings of the life seen today. These fields of studies help and serve like windows to the past which make it easier to know what it was like back when the Earth was young and life was primitive. These various disciplines draw attention to where life originated. Knowing the evolution of the earth and life forms can help make people understand what the modern life is made of. While some would see this study as a lame and monotonous venture, it can never be denied that knowledge about the origins of life and the world addresses very common issues like confusions as to how the modern human beings got their form and the very controversial issue as to where actually life came from. Debates and ideological arguments will always be inevitable, but Science got the only factual proofs and pieces of evidence about where life actually started and how it came to its present form from the simplest and most primitive elements. All these can only be understood by studying and looking back at the beginning. Thus, this paper shall discuss one of the most important and most highlighted eras in the history of life and the Earth—the Early Paleozoic Era. The Paleozoic Era The term â€Å"Paleozoic Era† literally equates to the term â€Å"time of ancient life† (Farabee). This is the bracket of time between 544 and 245 million years in the past. The Online Biology Book written by Michael Farabee and sponsored by Estrella Mountain Community College summarizes the major highlights of the Paleozoic Era. A section of the book explains meticulously about this prehistoric period. The Paleozoic era is from the general period when life forms began to spring known as the Phanerozoic Eon. This period has been known to exist about 542 million years ago (Farabee). Phanerozoic Eon consists of three specific eras such as: 1) Paleozoic Era—also known as the â€Å"ancient life† which existed 542 to 251 million years ago; 2) Mesozoic Era—also regarded as the â€Å"middle life† which existed 251 to 65. 5 million years ago; and 3) Cenozoic Era—dubbed as the â€Å"recent life,† which has existed since 65. 5 million years ago up to the present time (Gore 1). The Paleozoic Era appears to be the first period from the Phanerozoic Eon when the earliest complex life forms first existed. The Early Paleozoic specifically can be further divided into three periods such as the 1. ) Cambrian, 2. ) Ordovician, and the 3. ) Sulirian periods. It was during the earlier parts of the Paleozoic era when major advances in biological evolution were dated. The first of such developments and evolutions was that of the Cambrian Explosion. After this highlight came the developments of some group of green algae from the Ordovician period. This development in the early forms of primitive plants led to the evolutions of vertebrates since most plants during that time were found to move from water to land (Farabee). The Cambrian Explosion (544-505 million years ago) The Cambrian explosion during the earliest years of the Paleozoic era has been considered as the most interesting zoological myth there is about the origin of life (Dawkins and Wong 436). This is because this was the period when the earliest known animal and plant life sprang and had left very remarkable pieces of fossils which served as their memoirs for the modern scientists of today. It was during the Cambrian period when primitive life such as Coelenterates, protozoa, poriferans, molluscans, worms, echinoderms, trilobites, tribitmorphs, achaocyathids, and brachiopods were found to rule the animal kingdom (Balisteri et al. ). However, these primitive life forms were seen only in bodies of water. The Early Cambrian period was also tagged as a â€Å"wild time† for animal evolution (Farabee). This was because within the relatively short period of time, a wide variety of body plans among animals have already developed. One of the most prevailing groups of primitive animals during that time was the trilobites. These shallow-marine dwelling organisms lived during the Cambrian period, and through the rest of the period, this group has diversified into other more complex forms of organisms (Balisteri et al. ). However, due to the massive cooling and freezing on most of the Earth’s land during this time, extinction was found very distinct in this period. As to primitive plant life during the Cambrian period, algae was found to be the major group of plant life that existed in this period. These plants were known to have secreted lime-like substances which aid in the development and formation of rocks (Balisteri et al. ). Also, plants were found to have inhabited the lands first before the animals did during the Cambrian period. It was also during this period when the world’s primitive supercontinent, Pangaea, was believed to start breaking apart (Balisteri et al. ). During the Cambrian period, the large continent of the North America moved upward the globe through the equator. Gondwana, which is the largest remaining land mass of Pangaea during that time, divided into what we know today as India, Australia, Antarctica, and South America. The Ordovician Period (505-440 million years ago) The Ordovician period was characterized by the emergence of the world’s earliest volcanoes. This caused the formation of igneous rocks from the produced ash and lava from eruptions (Balisteri et al. ). This period was also marked by the continental submergence. The most highlighted part of this event was the Late Ordovician Flood which caused continents to contract and moved closer to each other. The most popular remain of this great flood as of today is the Atlantic Ocean (Balisteri et al. ). It was also noted that sea levels were generally high during the Ordovician period. However, there were still shallow waters that have been dated and found to have depositions of shallow water carbonated rocks. These were eventually traced through the presence of mudcracks and stromatolites nowadays (Gore 6). When it comes to life form evolution, diversification will best describe the action by the survivor organisms among the many life forms that became extinct from the Cambrian period (Farabee). During this period, the earliest forms of sea vertebrates, such worm-like creatures, evolved (Christian and McNeill 123). These are the creatures were found to be the ancestors of the sharks and common fishes today. These Ordovician marine vertebrates were complete with backbone, limbs, and a nervous system which formed mainly the head. Also, the remaining species that the Cambrian period left like the brachiopods, trilobites and mollusks were reported to undergo a Jurassic evolution. Thus, the first Ordovician marine vertebrates were reported to be armored, jawless, and covered with hard shells (Balisteri et al. ). On the other hand, the development of plants from the earlier group of green algae was also a milestone during this period. Scientific studies of fossils and biochemical proofs show that modern plant species rooted from the multicellular green algae that prospered during the Ordovician period (Cartage. org). Among these green algal groups, Charophytes were found to be most dominant at that time. These algae with the rest of the other algal groups were known to reside within the cool waters of the ocean, but between 500-400 million years ago, some algal groups were found to transfer to land through various levels of adaptations and evolutions which aided them to live outside the waters (Farabee). The Sulirian Period (440-410 million years ago) This period was characterized by the evolution of scorpion-like creatures as large as modern human beings (Christian and McNeil 123). These creatures were known as Euyperiods which were known to root from the extinct family of marine arthropods (Balisteri et al. ). These creatures were averagely 3 meters long and these were known to reside in the seas. Moreover, various other creatures that were abundant in the Cambrian and Ordovician periods have decreased in number during the Silurian period. Some of these animals were the Trilobites. However, the Silurian period was also distinct for the abundance of coral reefs, cephalopods, and jawed fishes that colored up and made the waters alive during this period. The said reefs have covered what people now know as the sea floors of Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, New York, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie (Balisteri et al.). This period was found to be dominated by the early vascular plants—which developed tiny tubes within their structures to support the transport of nutrients—as well as varieties of insects (Paull). However, both these plants and animals went through specific challenges which threatened their early extinction during that time. These challenges were that of 1) Drying out—plants and animals would have to take sometime to adapt to a new environment like when they transfer from water to land; 2) Gas exchange—respiration also takes sometime to adapt to the change in environment these creatures had to go through; 3. ) Weight support; 4. ) Conduction; and 5. ) Reproduction—the change in environment also has great effects on the reproduction process of organisms. More often than not, the change of environment tends to slow down their reproduction ability (Farabee). In addition, the Caledonian Mountain which is currently found in Canada was found to have started to form through the collision of European and North American plates (Paull). These were the major highlights and developments during the Early Paleozoic era of life and world history. This field of study may appear too complicated and boring for most people to study. However, by going through the facts and amazing discoveries of the life forms of the past and discovering how they come to produce what life is like today, it may seem that studying where the modern life rooted from is indeed an interesting and adventurous ride through both history and science. Works Cited Balisteri, Alex, Ulrike Balisteri, Bernd Bickel, Ron Schumacher, Beate Steger, and Sarah Young. â€Å"History of the Earth.† Think Quest. 1998. 04 December 2008 http://library. thinkquest. org/20886/. Christian, David and William H. McNeil. Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History. California: University of California Press, 2004. Dawkins, Richard and Yan Wong. The Ancestor’s Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution. New York: Houghton Mifflin Books, 2004. Farabee, Michael J. â€Å"The Early Paleozoic. † On-Line Biology Book. 07 October 2002. Estrella Mountain Community College. 04 December 2008 http://www. cartage. org. lb/en/themes/sciences/Paleontology/Paleozoology/EarlyPaleozoic/EarlyPaleozoic. htm. Gore, Pamela J. W. â€Å"Early Paleozoic Events. † The Earth Through Time. 10 November 2005. Georgia Perimeter College. 04 December 2008 http://higheredbcs. wiley. com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/chaps/chapter10-01. html. Paull, Gene J. â€Å"Early Paleozoic. † University of Texas at Brownsville. 20 August 2008. 04 December 2008. http://blue. utb. edu/paullgj/geol1404/lectures/early_paleozoic. html.